1. Armenian Independent Researcher
Fundamental Changes for Smart Cities with Biodiversity concept in Composite Appraising Supportive Progress (CASP) of Armenia
Dr. Azniv Felix Petrosyan
PhD of Rural and Surveying
Engineering at NTUA
MSc. SEUA, Computer Science - RE
AUA, Industrial Engineering
MAICh, Environmental Managament

2. Thank You
State Engineering University of Armenia (SEUA) for BSc ( ), MSc ( ) & Research Program ( ) in Computer Science;
American Univ. of Armenia (AUA) - 2nd MSc ( )-Industrial Enginering;
Meditera-Agro-Inst of Chania (MAICh) - 3rd MSc( ) Env Management;
European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information (ESSLLI-2001 in Finland, Helsinki & ESSLLI-2002 in Italy, Trento) for Scholarship;
International Aerospace Exhibition (ILA-2004) in Berlin, Germany;
State Scholarship Foundation (IKY) – Scholarship – Greek PhD ( );
Panteion University (Athens/Greece), Dept of Economic and Regional Develop-ment (RD), Research Team on Economics of Environment & SD. PhD ( ) on Evaluation of biodiversity in RD Using GIS: Mediterranean forest.
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Department of Geography and Regional Planning. PhD ( ) on the Evaluation of Biodiversity in Sustainable Development Using GIS;
Petrosyan Azniv (2014), “Appraising Biodiversity in Supportive Progress Using GIS Means”, LAP LAMBERT, Academic Publishing Company in Saarbrucken, Germany, ISBN: , 668 pp.
Regional Science Association International (RSAI) Summer Course in Interdisciplinary Analysis and Policies for Regional Sustainability at “Tezh Ler” Resourt, Dilijan, Armenia 1-5 th June, 2015.

3. Introduction 1. Biodiversity (BD) Sustainable development (SD)
BD stages: Nunes et al. (2001) and OECD (2001); Petrosyan (2005)
Portrayal of Nature (N) Magnitude as per BD concept Petrosyan (2014)
Environmental Footprint (Eaton etc, 2007)
Sustainable development (SD)
Ecologically economic SD “calls for economic development within limits imposed by natural system, or at least within limits imposed by maintenance on biological basis of human beings” (Bithas and Nijkamp, 2006).
Underlying Concept of SD (Walton etc, 2005)
Holistic Illustration of
SD (Lyytimaki and Rosenstrom, 2008)
Proposed Russian Dolls Model of SD (Levett, 1998)

4. Motivation
Petrosyan (2014) presents an approach connecting sustainable development & biodiversity due to use of improper means as:
1. Difficult approaches are applied to evaluate SD.
۩ Fuzzy Logic (FL);
۩ Significance-Acceptability Transformation (SAT);
۩ Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP).
2. The concept of Biodiversity is approached mainly through valuation methods.
3. Evaluation of Biodiversity using GIS as a tool is not considered an easy task.
Aim
The main goal of the current thesis is to evaluate :
What? Biodiversity (BD);
Where ? in Sustainable Development (SD)
How? using GIS and Remote Sensing (RS) or any economic pattern assessment.

5. Approach Three (3) Magnitudes of SD with Six (6) Proposed Categories S
Society (S) E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6
Economy (E) N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6
Environment (N)
Proposed Model with Dimensions, Themes and Indicators for Sustainable Development (CASP)
Petrosyan (2010); Petrosyan (2014) S
Society E
Economy N
Nature S1
Humans E1
Investment N1
Land S2
Society Concerns E2
Human Standards N2
Water S3
Knowledge in Practice E3
Production & Consumption N3
Air S4
Space Science E4
Agriculture N4
Biodiversity S5
Political Performance E5
Industry N5
Energy S6
Transport E6
Tourism N6
Landscape

6. Study Area Armenia Nagorno Karabakh 11 ARM Regions mta.govam
7 NKR Regions
gov.nkr.am
Nagorno
Karabakh

7. Datasets
Armenian and Nagorno Karbakh, i.e. Artsakh statistic categories existence:
21 ARMSTAT (2015) categories;
23 NKRSTAT (2015) categories.
Coincide ARMSTAT (2015) with NKRSTAT (2015) data
Choice of 6 Society categories
Choice of 6 Economy categories
Choice of Nature Category

8. Methodology Num – S1 CASP Category – Humans
NKRSTAT (2015) – Demography
Ministry – Territorial Administration and Emergency Situations
Region – Askeran Marz
Problem:
Diverse limited thinking

9. Methodology Num – S2 CASP Category – Society Concerns
ARMSTAT (2015) – Employment
Ministry – Labor and Social Affairs
Region – Syunik Marz
Problem:
To take now without future reference

10. Methodology Num – S3 CASP Category – Knowledge in Practice
ARMSTAT (2015) – Education
Ministry – Education and Science
Region – Shirak Marz
Problem:
Practice without any obtainable knowledge;
Scientific price has little value;
The best scientists are not used aptly;
Some educational universities (i.e. ASUE) are closed to public even to scientists too bad for future science expansion;
Unwillingness to improve knowledge or science;
Lack of organizational skills;
European acceptable worldwide PhD is lessened into Armenian unacceptable worldwide PhD;
If I have relative in any field even with lower education with better references, I have better place

11. Methodology Num – S4 CASP Category – Space Science
ARMSTAT (2015) – Science
Ministry – Defense
Region – Lori Marz
Problem:
Technology improvements are only in directions of software-mobile developments.
Currently some involvements towards renewable power energy

12. Methodology Num – S5 CASP Category – Political Performances
ARMSTAT (2015) – Economic Activities
Ministry – National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia
Region – Yerevan Marz
Problem:
If I have connection-relatives, Armenians call it XCB (Xnami-Canot -Barekam), I am politician.

13. Methodology Num – S6 CASP Category – Transport
ARMSTAT (2015) – Transport and Communication
Ministry – Transport and Communication
Region – Vayots Dzor Marz
Problem:
Constructing roads without apt assessments;
Lack of safety, problems with smoking;
Due to lack of education and interconnection with police, driving license are buyable;
imported cars are extremely expensive, i.e. Japanese cars up to Georgia costs 1000 EU entering to Armenia costs double or three times more

14. Methodology Num – E1 CASP Category – Investment
NKRSTAT (2015) – Finanace
Ministry – Finanace
Region – Qashatagh Marz
Problem:
Main direction of investments are on mobiles or software;
Whoever has money invests without apt evaluation or forecasting whether it is beneficiary or not, then monopoly implementation like CITY etc or MAFIA giving power to uneducated persons.
No educational experience before investments, based on current demand.
Give power only to young generation without educational experience.

15. Methodology Num – E2 CASP Category – Human Standards
ARMSTAT (2015) – Living Conditions
Ministry – Culture
Region – Armavir Marz
Problem:
Government doesn’t aptly control to gain and to improve human standards;
Stealing is insides of the hearts of any Armenian;
Cheating is another major problem of Armenians;
Lack of Laws;
Lack of evaluation techniques before applying apt laws;
Pocket interested laws or 2 sides coin laws;
Honesty in Russian society is represented better after Soviet period.

16. Methodology Num – E3 CASP Category – Production and Consumption
NKRSTAT (2015) – Prices and Tariffs
Ministry – Urban Development
Region – Shushi Marz
Problem:
Mobiles-software;
Food-Beverage;
Agricultural goods;
Power-Energy;
Services, i.e. haircuts, lawyers, education, stores, construction etc.

17. Methodology Num – E4 CASP Category – Agriculture
ARMSTAT (2015) – Agriculture
Ministry – Agriculture
Region – Ararat Marz
Problem:
Inapt assessment of used lands;
Lack of education for farmers;
Farming because own lands & performing old approaches

18. Methodology Num – E5 CASP Category – Industry Recovery:
Automobiles;
Factories, fridge, textile, chemic, rubber, etc;
Research centres;
Railroads including trams & metro expansions.
Num – E5
CASP Category – Industry
ARMSTAT (2015) – Industry
Ministry – Economy
Region – Aragatsotn Marz
Problem:
Investments are done like in E3 – Production and Consumption;
Services with basic educational background, i.e. haircuts, lawyers, education, stores, construction, travel etc.
Lack of education in practice.
Huge price difference with low quality of goods compared to European market as per wage existence, i.e. Italian shoes can be bought by 20EU in Italy, 100EU in Armenia; Carefour food is twice expensive than Carefour in Greece.
Small markets, like small shops, doesn’t take care of the customer;
Cigarettes are sold with food, i.e. bread, meat etc.

19. Methodology Num – E6 CASP Category – Tourism
NKRSTAT (2015) – Trade and Services
Ministry – Diaspora – Foreign Affairs
Region – Martuni Marz
Problem:
Lack of education in tourism sector;
Investors in tourism sector are wealthy without taking care of middle age;
Monopoly in Airplane tickets;
Irresponsibility towards clients (I don’t care whether you will visit my office because I know such a minister or politician or police etc who protects me);
Inapt representation of cultural heritage;
Inapt management in hotels, cafeterias, shops.

20. Methodology Num – N1 CASP Category – Land NKRSTAT (2015) – Land
Ministry – Nature Protection
Region – Hadrut Marz
Good points of the minister of Nature and Protection, accepts anyone for the future discussion.
Problem:
If you are uneducated person with experience in sweeping the floor, then you have easier access to find job;
Zoo is in danger, they want to sell Zoo as a land and grow bird for themselves.

21. Methodology Num – N2 CASP Category – Water ARMSTAT (2015) – Water
Ministry – Nature Protection
Region – Gegharkunik Marz
Problem:
Quality of drinkable Water is different in many parts of Armenia;
Lack of knowledge in waste water treatment.

22. Methodology Num – N3 CASP Category – Air NKRSTAT (2015) – Air
Ministry – Nature Protection
Region – Martakert Marz
Problem:
Inapt map conversion or assessment of old Armenian database use of Cadastrian perspectives;
Inapt taxes for the damages (MAFIA);
Further developments of GIS versa coral draw maps.

23. Methodology Num – N4 CASP Category – Biodiversity
ARMSTAT (2015) – Biodiversity
Ministry – Nature Protection
Region – Tavush Marz
Problem:
Biodiversity sustenance in terms of old traditions;
New techniques are not used, because educational experience is not considered as practice, sweeper lady-man has more chance to get higher positions than European PhD holder.

24. Methodology Num – N5 CASP Category – Energy ARMSTAT (2015) – Energy
Ministry – Energy and Natural Resources
Region – Kotayk Marz
Requirements:
Apt assessments are required to install power systems not to damage the environment but to keep infrastructure.
Lack of governmental interest for future gain.
Short term interest with cheap technologies and with environmental damages.

25. Methodology Num – N6 CASP Category – Nature
NKRSTAT (2015) – Environmental Resources
Ministry – Nature Protection
Region – Shahumyan Marz
Requirements:
Apt assessments are required for the environmental resources without environmental damages with infrastructure sustenance.
Lack of governmental interest for future gain.
Short term interest with cheap technologies and with environmental damages.

26. Proposals
Society (S)
Apt assessments are required to compare Soviet laws with post soviet laws (MAFIA case) and with European or American implementation of laws towards democracy of any country
Test Hypothesis of Human thinking;
Creation or adjustments of laws based on different factors;
Democracy;
Even if there is a huge shift of human minds towards invisible degradation of minds giving higher weights to apt education
There is no need to obtain funds for reforms, but there is a need to find ways before funds acceptance or transformance.

27. Proposals Economy (E) Requirements:
Apt assessments are required for the industry taking care of environment with infrastructure sustenance.
Gaining governmental interest for future gain.
Long term interest with estimated use of technologies and environmental resources.
Keeping heterogeneity with safe competition.
Disappearance of MAFIA, LAW must obey anyone.
Find the best tool through comparison of all economic-physic etc tools .
Improvements of education in practice.
Not only to perform existing rearrangement, but also try to figure out best the infrastructural performance based on educative experience;
Wage performance based on educational experience

28. Proposals Nature (N) Requirements:
Apt assessments are required for environmental resources without environmental damages with infrastructure sustenance.
Increasing of governmental interest for future gain.
Apt Environmental Protection GIS, Econometric, Modelling, Spatial, Physic etc. Tools.

29. NATURE (N) MAGNITUDE for CASP
Conclusion
NATURE (N) MAGNITUDE for CASP
Vegetation
Rest
N1 – Land
N2 – Water
N4 – Biodiversity
N3 – Air
N6 – Environmental Resources
N5 – Energy
α. U – University; N – Nature; S4 – Space Science
β. O – Organization; S – Society; E6 – Tourism
γ. I – Industry; E – Economy; N4 – Biodiversity
α. S4 – Space Science: Mobile –Software
β. E6 – Tourism: Incorrect touristic behaviour
γ. N4 – Biodiversity: Inapt-old traditional use of environmental resources

30. Recommendation
A Chance for PhD European Woman Scientists to Proceed Science of BD with SD in CASP
Economy (E)
Species Stage
Professors
Teaching
Society (S)
Genes Stage
Students
Studying
Nature (N)
Ecosystems Stage
Scientists
Creating
SD as CASP
Functions Stage
Research
Performing

34. References
ARMSTAT (2015). National Statistical Service of Armenia. Website available at:
Bithas, K.P., Nijkamp, P., (2006). Operationalising ecologically sustainable development at the micro-level: pareto optimality and the preservation of biologically crucial levels. International Journal of Environmental Sustainable Development 5(2):126–46.
Eaton, R.L., Hammond, G.P., Laurie, J., (2007). Footprints on the landscape: An environmental appraisal of urban and rural living in the developed world. Landscape and Urban Planning 83:13–28.
Levett, R., (1998). Sustainability indicators—integrating quality of life and environmental protection. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 161 (3):
Lyytimaki, J., Rosenstrom, U., (2008). Skeletons out of the closet: effectiveness of conceptual frameworks for communicating sustainable development indicators. Sustainable Development 16 (5):
NKRSTAT (2015). National Statistical Service of Nagorno Karabakh Republic. Website available at:
Nunes, P.A.L.D., Van den Bergh, J.C.J.M., (2001). Economic Valuation of Biodiversity: Sense or Nonsense? Ecological Economics 39 (2):
OECD - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, (2001a). Valuation of Biodiversity Benefits. Selected Studies. Paris.
Petrosyan Azniv (2014), Appraising Biodiversity in Supportive Progress Using GIS Means, LAP LAMBERT, Academic Publishing Company in Saarbrucken, Germany, ISBN: , 668 pp.
Petrosyan, A.F., (2010). A Model for Incorporated Measurement of Sustainable Development Comprising Remote Sensing Data and Using the Concept of Biodiversity. Journal of Sustainable Development 3 (2): 9-26.
Petrosyan, A.F., (2005). Economic valuation of biodiversity loss: the case of Mediterranean forest. Participation on the sixth meeting of the ”Développement d’Actions pour le Marketing et la Gestion post- évènements’’- DAMAGE. Athens, Greece, October.
Walton JS, El-Haram M, Castillo NH, Horner RMW, Price ADF, Hardcastle C., (2005). Integrated assessment of urban sustainability. Engineering Sustainability 158 (2):57–65.