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America is on the verge of becoming an industrial powerhouse

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Presentation on theme: "America is on the verge of becoming an industrial powerhouse"— Presentation transcript:

1 America is on the verge of becoming an industrial powerhouse
INDUSTRIALIZATION America is on the verge of becoming an industrial powerhouse

2 Investments, Labor, Resources and Technology
Chapter 9

3 The United States Industrializes
Industrial Revolution really began in the early 1800s, but we were focused on other things… By the 1900s, America becomes the world’s leading industrialization. So the question becomes, how did we get there?

4 1. Natural Resources Water Timber Coal
And what did we find out west??? These resources meant that American companies could obtain these items cheaply WITHOUT having to import them from other countries

5 1. Natural Resources…Continued
Petroleum Petroleum was not new, it was actually in high demand because it could be turned into kerosene which was used to heat everything from stoves and lanterns First oil well was in Titusville, PA in 1859

6 2. Labor America didn’t just have NATURAL resources, but also HUMAN resources , the population of the US triples! 2 Main reasons – Large families and Flood of immigrants American industry grows at a time when social and economic conditions in Eastern Europe and China convinced many to leave their homeland and make a life here

7 2. Labor…Continued These immigrants (20 million between ) add to: The growing workforce Help factories increase their production Further the demand for products

8 3. Investments Laissez-faire – French word meaning “let do”; belief that government should not interfere in the economy other than protect rights and private property Relies on supply and demand rather than government intervention In the US, the amount of profit one could make attracted a lot of people…if you were willing to work for it and you were ambitious American entrepreneurs are willing to take a risk for a huge payout

9 3. Investments…Continued
Foreign investors saw more opportunity for profit in America than at home…essentially, foreign investments in American companies helped to fund America’s industrial buildup Tariffs – really helped to weed out European competition and gave newly formed American businesses a chance No Anti-Monopoly laws in place yet!

10 4. Inventions

11 4. Inventions…Continued
Communication Domestic and Foreign communications improve Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone Samuel Morse - Telegraph Transportation Natural resources, products and people can travel further distances in shorter time Railroads Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk – Airplane Henry Ford - Automobile Very first car, any idea what the name was called?

12 4. Inventions…Continued
Electricity Thomas Edison Phonograph, battery, sewing, textiles…LIGHTBULB Nikola Tesla Electricity (different current than Edison - AC) Advancements Bessemer Process – process of making steel Lightweight and incredibly strong Suddenly, you can build tall buildings, longer and wider bridges, ships, etc.

13

14 Thaddeus Lowe & Ice Machine Gustavus Swift & Refrigerated Railcar
So What’s It All Mean? Thaddeus Lowe & Ice Machine Gustavus Swift & Refrigerated Railcar Refrigeration = food lasts longer and reduces risk of disease from food poisoning As knowledge about technology grew, EVERYONE in the US was impacted one way or another…

15 So What’s It All Mean?...Continued
1800s –Northrop automatic loom allows cloth to be made at a faster rate Civil War helps to produce standard sizes and those sizes allowed ready-made clothes to be possible Electric sewing machines and cloth cutters push small tailor shops to large clothing factories Show industry - New processes and inventions made increased production possible Large factories could mass produce shoes more cheaply and efficiently than local cobblers Overall price of shoes drops…and also puts local cobblers out of business

16 How Men Built America…and the World
Big Business & Unions

17 Corporations & Consolidation
Corporation is an organization owned by many people, but legally is seen as an individual Always been the belief that competition was what was best for the economy and country Many corporate leaders hated the fact that competition was forced on them, so they cheat the system – to keep profits, companies organize pools (agreements to maintain prices at a certain level) Companies that have pools are not entitled to any legal protections, so they don’t last long

18 CARNEGIE = STEEL Born in Scotland from humble means
Immigrates to the US and works his way up in the railroad business When he becomes railroad supervisor, he realizes that you can make BIG bucks and starts buying shares in iron mills

19 CARNEGIE = STEEL Travels back and forth to Europe (remember foreign investments??) Henry Bessemer and the Bessemer Process – makes steel efficiently and cheaply Returns to Pittsburgh and adapts his steel mills to use the Bessemer process

20 INTEGRATION VERTICAL HORIZONTAL
Own all the different businesses on which it depends to operate Combine many firms engaged in the same type of business to make one large corporation INTEGRATION

21 INTEGRATION VERTICAL HORIZONTAL Coal Mines Limestone Quarries
BUY Railroad 1 Railroad Company 1 Railroad 2 Railroad 3 BUY Coal Mines To power Limestone Quarries To process Iron Ore Fields To supply INTEGRATION

22 Getting Into the GILDED AGE…
Life wasn’t great for all Americans, in fact, for workers in industrial America it was downright hard Workers had to work in dangerous and unhealthy working conditions for long hours and very little pay Beginnings of unions Workers attempted to create strong unions before, but often times, they rarely succeeded and clash between businesses and government led to violence and bloodshed

23 Getting Into the GILDED AGE…
Karl Marx, Communism and Socialism becomes appealing to many Americans Unions grow as well as strikes Great Railroad Strike of 1877 – due to rounds of wage cuts, 80,000 railroad workers across 11 states walk off the job Haymarket Riot – go on strike for an 8-hour work day, anarchists meet in Chicago where 3,000 people are gathered and a bomb goes off Made unions that were gaining traction (like the Knights of Labor) undermines their reputation and ultimately they decline Pullman Strike American Federation of Labor


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