1. Astronomy
5-9-13

2. 2 types of models
Geocentric model- a model which places the Earth at the center of the solar system.
Proven wrong!
Heliocentric model- Sun is at the center of the solar system.
All planets revolve around the sun
One that is true today!

5. Explain the difference between pictures 1 and 2. What is each called
Explain the difference between pictures 1 and 2. What is each called? Which one do we believe today? 1. 2.

6. Galileo-supported heliocentric model
He discovered the moons of Jupiter orbit an object other than Earth.
Galileo noticed that the four visible moons of Jupiter appeared to orbit around Jupiter and therefore did not revolve around the Earth.

7. Inertia & Gravity Newton- 2 factors
Inertia and gravity keep the planets in orbit
Gravity- attracts all objects toward each other- depends on mass and distance
Newton found Earth keeps pulling the moon toward it with gravity
Moon keeps moving ahead of Earth because of inertia

8. Which is the correct
choice for order and
size of planets?

9. My Very Easy Method Just Set Up Nine Planets

10. Seasons Caused by Revolution of Earth around the sun.
Revolution- movement of an object around another object
1 complete revolution= a year (365 ¼)
Revolves in path called an orbit

12. Summer- July 4th
Winter- Jan. 4
Aphelion -- the point on its orbit when the Earth is farthest from the sun
Perihelion -- the point on its orbit when the Earth is closest to the sun

13. *Closer to the sun, stronger the gravitational attraction and the faster the object moves*
winter
summer

14. Earth’s elliptical orbit

15. Day and Night Caused by Rotation of Earth on its axis
Axis- imaginary line through Earth’s center and the North and South poles
Earth rotates eastward- the sun appears to move westward across the sky
Night- side that does not face the sun
Day- side that faces sun
Takes 24hrs or 1 day!

16. 360°÷24hours= 15°/hr Earth spins at 15 degrees per hr
Rotation
Takes 24 hours for Earth to rotate once
How long does it take the Earth to spin once?
How many degrees is a full spin?
360°÷24hours= 15°/hr Earth spins at 15 degrees per hr

17. Evidence of rotation
Foucault Pendulum: The first good evidence of the earth's rotation was provided by a swinging pendulum. The pendulum would continue to swing in the same direction while the Earth rotated beneath it

18. Coriolis effect-
Evidence that the
Earth rotates
Winds in the
Northern hemisphere
Are deflected to the
right

19. Time Zones Longitude- E/W of Prime Meridian Time Zones-
every 15o to the west subtract an hour,
every 15o to the east add an hour

20. Solar eclipses
A solar eclipse happens when the moon blocks our view of the sun.
This happens when the Moon is exactly between the Sun and the Earth.
2 types: Partial Solar Eclipse and Total Solar Eclipse

21. Lunar Eclipse
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth's shadow falls on the moon. Lunar eclipses occurs about every 6 months.
Types of Lunar Eclipses
Total Eclipse - When the entire moon enters the Earth's umbra (the darkest part of its shadow), this is called a total eclipse.
Partial Eclipse - When only part of the moon enters the Earth's umbra, this is called a partial eclipse.

22. Tides Are periodic rises and falls of large bodies of water.
Caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth and the Moon.
The gravitational attraction of the moon causes the oceans to bulge out in the direction of the moon.
Another bulge occurs on the opposite side, since the Earth is also being pulled toward the moon
Since the earth is rotating while this is happening, two tides occur each day.

23. Spring tides Are strong tides
They occur when the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon are in a line.
Spring tides occur during the full moon and the new moon.

24. Neap tides Are weak tides.
They occur when the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are perpendicular to one another (with respect to the Earth).
Neap tides occur during quarter moons.