1. Why is this disease important nutritionally?
Characterized by high blood sugar level due to defect in insulin
Therefore the need to control glucose intake
If untreated, it will lead to hyperglycemia and nerve damages
There is also a need to treat co-morbidities that occur along with diabetes such as
Blindness
Kidney failure
Nerve damage
Atherosclerosis
Diet History
Usual meal pattern
Snack consumptions
Any previous diet restriction

2. How is this dealt with nutritionally?
Diet
Physical activity
Insulin
Medications

3. Meal planning along with nutrition education
Type 1 diabetic diet
Meal planning along with nutrition education
Work with a registered dietitian to decide how to balance the diet with carbohydrates, proteins and fat.
Plate Method- manage portion size and eating balanced meals
Carbohydrate counting- used to keep track of carbohydrate intake
Meal planning

4. Plate Method

5. Meal Planning

6. Type 1 diabetic diet (cont.)
Carbohydrates should provide 45-65% of daily calories (amount of carbohydrate is more important than type)
Fat should provide 25-35% of daily calories (increase amount of mono and polyunsaturated)
Protein should provide 12-20% of daily calories (patient with kidney disease should limit intake to less than 10%)

7. Recommendations
Grains/beans/starchy vegetables (6 or more servings/day)
Vegetables (3-5 servings/day)
Fruits (2-4 servings/day)
Milk (2-3 servings/day)
Meat and fish (2-3 servings/day)
Fats, alcohol, and sweets

8. Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
Immediate goals:
Treat diabetic ketoacidosis
High blood glucose level
Reduce symptoms
Prevent diabetes related complications: blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, amputation, heart disease

9. Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes (cont.)
Social interventions:
Recognize and treat blood sugar (hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia)
Diabetic meal planning
Insulin injections
Self-testing
physical exercise

10. Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001350/
References:
Pubmed:
American Diabetes Association:
ADA Diabetes care: