1. Values, Criteria, and Lincoln-Douglas

2. What is a VALUE? A Value is: An ultimate truth or standard of morality
An idea about non-tangible concepts
Important to belief systems

3. Value in Lincoln-Douglas
Values in LD Debate work the same way
An Ultimate truth or standard of morality
Debate lies in which Truth or Moral Standard is MOST correct

4. What are some common Values?
Life
Equality
The condition of being; existence
Being treated the same as others within a society
Justice
Human Dignity
Giving each his/her due; what is deserved
Every human is moral and can express opinions without discrimination
Autonomy
Liberty
A person is in charge of him/herself
The right to be free from governmental constraints

5. Other Values Use these Values to complete the project
Anthropocentrism
Equality
Minority Rights
Autonomy
Human Dignity
National Security
Biocentrism
Individual Autonomy
National Sovereignty
Categorical Imperative
Justice
Pragmatism
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Liberty
Social Contract
Democracy
Life
Teleology
Deontology
Majority Rule
Utilitarianism
Categorical Imperative: (Golden Rule) Due unto other’s as you would want them to do onto you. (Do this so that this will happen; Brush your teeth so that you don’t get cavities)
Utilitariansim: the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.
Deontology: Deontological theories hold that some acts are always wrong, even if the act leads to an admirable outcome. Actions in deontology are always judged independently of their outcome. An act can be morally bad but may unintentionally lead to a favorable outcome.

6. Value Debates Can Be Difficult…
For example, lying to an unarmed mugger — saying that you are an expert at karate — and thus convincing him to flee rather than rob you violates honesty, but preserves the values of property, nonviolence, and personal security.

7. Consider the sentence…
PIZZA IS GOOD.
If “good” has a definite, permanent, imperishable meaning, then everyone (or virtually everyone) would agree that PIZZA IS GOOD.
But what about the people who don’t ike pizza? Some people are allergic to wheat, or cheese, or tomatoes; some people would say that PIZZA IS BAD is a more accurate sentence.
But if pizza is both GOOD and BAD, then we are left with chaos and cannot choose who wins this debate…. So, we must have a better criterion.
PIZZA IS GOOD = You aren’t really talking about pizza at all. Rather, you are talking about yourself. I ENJOY PIZZA. PIZZA APPEALS TO MY SENSE OF TASTE. I APPROVE OF PIZZA AS NUTRITIOUS ITALIAN FOOD. Each of these sentences, we sense, in some way preserves the meaning of the original sentence — yet they are talking, not about some abstract quality of the pizza, but about personal taste and preference. Much of the informal usage of the word
Consider the sentence, PIZZA IS GOOD. This seems to be grammatically simple: noun, verb (a special type of verb, called a copula, which equates two things), and a predicate adjective which describes the noun. In saying this, we seem to be assigning the description GOOD to PIZZA. But are we really? If “good” has a definite, permanent, imperishable meaning, then everyone (or virtually everyone) would agree that PIZZA IS GOOD. But many people dislike pizza; some are allergic to wheat, or cheese, or tomatoes; some people would say that PIZZA IS BAD is a more accurate sentence. But if pizza is both GOOD and BAD, then we are left with 5 chaos. Maybe “good” has no definite, permanent meaning — but to suggest that its meaning is so vague that GOOD can sometimes mean BAD is contrary to our experience. Perhaps, though, the situation is not is simple as it first seemed. Perhaps when you say PIZZA IS GOOD, you are not really talking about pizza at all. Rather, you are talking about yourself. I ENJOY PIZZA. PIZZA APPEALS TO MY SENSE OF TASTE. I APPROVE OF PIZZA AS NUTRITIOUS ITALIAN FOOD. Each of these sentences, we sense, in some way preserves the meaning of the original sentence — yet they are talking, not about some abstract quality of the pizza, but about personal taste and preference. Much of the informal usage of the word

8. Value and Criterion
Values are, essentially, overarching and non-specific ideas
We need a way to measure if Value exists
Criterion:
A way to measure the presence of a Value
Like a measuring stick

9. Value and Criterion
The Value criterion is a “weighing standard” for arguments
Criterions must be both necessary and sufficient
Will it acknowledge and achieve the value?
Think Car Parts
Value=Car
Criterion=Engine?

10. Criterion Your criterion will often be [verb + object], such as
protecting life
minimizing suffering
rejecting violence
encouraging participation
Creating equality

11. Topic Analysis
Scary clown Example... What Values are possible? Honesty vs Safety
Honesty is being uphold when you are “telling truth”
Safety is being uphold when you are “protecting children”
Girl Walks in Room Example
Honesty is beging upheld when you are “telling the truth”
Kindness is being upheld when you are “protecting feelings”
Values: Honesty vs Safety
Honesty is being uphold when you are “telling truth”
Safety is being uphold when you are “protecting children”

12. Topic Analysis
Resolved: Individuals have a moral obligation to help people in need.
Value=
How can we measure the value as it relates to THIS topic?
Resolved: A government’s obligation to protect the environment ought to take precedence over economic development.

13. Do this for both the PRO & CON
Topic Analysis
With your case; your group will introduce your case to the class & present the following informaiton:
Identify what value that you would use to argue this side
Identify the criterion
List 2 reasons (contentions) why this side should be voted for (make sure your reasons align with your value & criterion)
Do this for both the PRO & CON

14. LD in a Nutshell **Note: These times are for our class only
Affirmative Case – 5 Minutes
Negative CX – 2 minutes
Negative Case and Rebuttal – 6 Minutes
Affirmative CX – 2 Minutes
Affirmative Rebuttal and Voters – 3 Minutes
Negative Rebuttal and Voters – 2 minutes

15. Our LD Topics