1. Smart Guide to Cluster policy – Lessons for the adaptation of the EU automotive industry value chain
Carsten Schierenbeck
GROW.F2 – Clusters, Social Economy and Entrepreneurship
Committee of the Regions Automotive Intergroup
Brussels,

2. Smart Guide to Cluster Policy
A couple of concepts,
Eight Do’s and Don’ts, and
Plenty good practice examples …
of how to make better use of clusters for promoting regional industrial modernisation, supporting the growth of SMEs and encouraging smart specialisation.
Available at

3. Clusters are…
…group of firms, related economic actors, and institutions that are located near each other and heave reached a sufficient scale to develop specialised expertise, services, resources, suppliers and skills.
…an economic phenomenon to be distinguished from cluster organisations, cluster policies and cluster initaitives (organised efforts) .
Staff Working Document (2008) 2637

4. Why do clusters matter?

5. SMEs are more innovative!
Cluster firms…
- are more innovative than non-cluster firms
- register more trademarks and apply for more patents
- cooperate more
Source: European Commission 2006 Innobarometer on clusters‘ role in facilitating innovation in Europe and 2008 Staff Working Document on the concept of clusters and cluster policies and their role for competitiveness and innovation: Main statistical results and lessons learned. See 5

6. European Cluster Panorama 2016
strong clusters account for more than 54 million jobs
- Gazelles in strong clusters employ 35 staff compared to 24 elsewhere
- Wages in strong clusters are 3% higher than elsewhere
- 40% of activity in emerging industries concentrated in 20% of regions

7. Modern cluster policy means what?

8. Ingredients
- 2 eggs
- 200 grams of flour
- 2 glasses of milk…

9. Entrepreneurial eco-systems
+10
-10
Start-up and Scale-up initiative:

10. Do's and Don'ts of Modern Cluster Policy
Support individual specialised firms
Support new activities, in particular those being undertaken by groups or networks of related industries
Create clusters from scratch
Facilitate the growth of clusters by building upon existing strengths
Fund large numbers of widely varied clusters
Fund strategic cluster initiatives that focus on promoting the strengths, linkages and emerging competences and which are in line with the aims of national/regional smart specialisation strategies
Follow growth trends without reflection
Capitalise upon regional competences to diversify into new activity areas and to develop emerging industries
Follow a narrow sectoral cluster approach
Follow a systemic cluster approach focusing on related industries by capturing cross-sectoral linkages
Develop and implement cluster policy in isolation from other policy areas
Adopt an inclusive and participatory cluster approach
Support cluster initiatives that are only inward looking
Support cluster initiatives that have an international perspective on the positioning of the cluster in international value chains
Focus exclusively on strengthening regional partnerships
Build regional partnerships as a basis for joining European Strategic Cluster Partnerships

11. Clusters, smart specialisation & emerging industries
Emerging industries are… the establishment of an entirely new industrial value chain, or the radical reconfiguration of an existing one, driven by a disruptive idea (or convergence of ideas), leading to turning these ideas/opportunities into new products/services with higher added value .
European Forum for Clusters in Emerging Industries (2013) based on Heffernan & Phaal (2009)

12. Translating strategy into action
1. Mix of cross-cutting and cluster-specific measures 2. Organising policies around clusters with differentiated support depending on development level (immature, mature or in transition) 3. Mobilising cluster initiatives for designing and implementing smart specialisation strategies 4. Providing better SME support through cluster organisations and services 5. Promoting excellent cluster managment through benchmarking & training (Cluster Excellence initiative) 6. Promoting collaboration across regions (Interreg / CLUSTRAT, Vanguard Initiative, peer reviews, Thematic Smart Specialisation Platform) 7. Supporting internationalisationa of clusters and value chain linkages (Eur. Cluster Collaboration Platform & Eur.Strategic Cluster Partnerships) 8. Using data and knowledge platforms 9. Put in place continous monitoring and evaluation of cluster development (France, Wallonia, Denmark) and use for entrepreneurial discovery process

13. Boosting interregional value chain collaboration and investments through clusters

14. Eye@RIS tool, http://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Regional strength
(sectoral and cross sectoral cluster mapping)
European
Cluster
Observatory
Regional priorities
(research and innovation policy priorities)
Smart Specialisation Platform
Regional partners
(cluster organisations, European Partnerships)
European Cluster Collaboration Platform
Cluster Mapping tool
tool,

15. Using clusters to facilitate value chain innovation and industrial transformation
Customised SME support
18.5 mio € ( )
Value Chain Innovation
2-stage procedure
Regional and
International Strategy
75% to support innovation in SMEs
Cross-sectoral
Collaboration
Cluster facilitated projects for new industrial value chains (INNOSUP-1)

16. INNOSUP-1-2015 Cluster facilitated projects for new industrial value chains – thematic focus

17. Strategic interregional collaboration

18. For more see http://ec. europa
For more see Smart Guide to Cluster Policy
Clusters, Social Economy and Entrepreneurship unit (GROW.F2)
Innovation and Advanced Manufacturing Directorate
European Commission's Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs