1. INDIA IMAGE SET- South, East and Southeast Asia
Buddhism and Hinduism

2. Rich artistic traditions were exchanged throughout Asia.
Ancient belief systems- Indic- spread and developed into Hinduism and
Buddhism History of India is about invasions ( from the north).
18 languages in India- Hindus, Moslems, Christians, Jains, Buddhists
The arts are interconnected in India and were supported by the wealthy patrons.
Most of the imagery is from canonic texts (Mahabharata, The Bhagavad Gita,
Rig- Veda, The 8-fold path and the 4 Noble Truths--- the RIGHT WAY)
Artists were trained as apprentices and learned everything about the craft or skill.
Buddha-
Not a god.
End the cycle of birth and dead and re-birth from Hinduism through achieving
Nirvanha

3. Artist: n/a
Title: The Indian Subcontinent
Medium : n/a
Size: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/Museum: n/a

4. Artist: n/a
Title: Buddha and Attendants
Medium: Red sandstone
Size: height 27¼" (69.2 cm)
Date: Kushan period, c. late 1st–early 2nd century CE
Source/Museum: Katra Keshavdev, Mathura, Madhya Pradesh, India. / Government Museum, Mathura

5. Buddhist Imagery:
The Lion- royalty
The Wheel- Buddhist Law
Lotus- Buddha’s purity ( mud slides off the lotus plant)
Columns that surround the wheel- the teachings of Buddha
Empty Throne- the presence of the Buddha
Bodhistatvas, surround the Prince
Ushnishna ( top knot),
Long ears indicate – no jewelry-
Urna ( hair curl)
Predella -usually a scene from the life or symbolism
Dharma wheels on the bottom of the feet
Thin fabric covering, calm face
Yakshi And yaksha. Appearance in Buddhist architecture in the Torano

6. Artist: n/a
Title: Myth and Religion: Mudras
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/Museum: Mudras: Dharmachakra Mudra, Dhyana Mudra, Vitarka Mudra, Abhaya, Mudra, Bhumiparsha Mudra, Varada Mudra

7. Image 182 Bamiyan Buddha, Afghanistan destroyed in cut rock with plaster and paint. 2 Buddhas- the tallest in the world- 175 feet and one 115 feet tall.
Niche was the mandorla. Smaller one was Sakyamuni, the bigger one was Viarocana ( universal Buddha)
Can be circumambulated… and can go up to the shoulders in underground pathways

8. Image 182 Bamiyan Buddha Khan Academy

10. 2015-Bamiyan Buddlha- November

11. Image 184 Jowo Rinproche from the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, Tibet
Brought to Tibet in 7th century. Gold and jewels. An exact replica of the Buddha as a 12 year old- Sakyamuni
Earliest Tibetan Buddhist temple ( Jowo- Lord and Rinproche- Named after the monk who brought the work back and repaired it..)
Blessed by the Buddha himself and made in India during his lifetime. Taken to China by an Indian Princess and hidden from enemies and made it’s way to Llasa for protection.
Disappeared during the Cultural Revolution and the housing was destroyed. - rediscovered in upper and lower parts in Bejing and in a rubbish heap-

12. Image 192-Artist: n/a
Title: Great Stupa, Sanchi- oldest stone structure in India
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: Founded 3rd century BCE, enlarged c. 150–50 BCE
Source/Museum: Madhya Pradesh, India
Three umbrellas are the Buddhist Law, the Buddha and The Monastic Orders, painted white, represents the dome of the heaven,
Relics and ashes in the inside, four toranos lead to the pathway of circumambulation, Buddha is represented by an empty thrown or a tree,
600 donors names- men and women and monks

13. Great Stupa at Sanchi ambulatory

14. Artist: n/a
Title: Elements of Architecture: Stupa and Temples
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/Museum: Stupa, northern-style temple, southern-style temple

15. Artist: n/a
Title: East torana of the Great Stupa at Sanchi, with Yakshi
Medium: Stone
Size: height 35' (10.66 m)
Date: Early Andhra period, mid-1st century BCE
Source/Museum: n/a

16. Buddha, Preaching his first Sermon at Sarnath, India
5th Century sandstone, with predella

17. Image 198 -Stupa complex at Borobudur, Java Indonesia- THE COSMIC MOUNTAIN
800 CE
Contains 504 life- sized Buddhas,1460 relief sculptures, 1500 stupas, and one million carved blocks of stone- meant to be walked in concentric circles, lower stories are the desire and negativity, top floors are the world where there is no desire.
Rediscovered by the British in Java in it was a diagram of the contemplative mandala- the visitor must circumambulate around and ascend to the different levels- to higher states of consciousness.
Levels of the 4 noble truths.
There are hidden reliefs inside the small stupas. One large stupa on top.

18. Borobudur- one of 75 open Buddhas in preaching Mudhra, Queen Maya riding chariot to give birth to the Buddha ( Siddhartha Gautama)

19. Queen Maya riding in the carriage to give birth to Prince Sidhartha

20. HINDU ART AND ARCHITECTURE
Shiva- destroyer
Vishnu - preserver
Brahma- creator
Mithuna couples shown in many works of architecture

21. Image Artist: n/a
Title: Shiva Nataraja with Nimbus
Medium: Bronze
Size: 32" (81.25 cm)
Date: 1000 c. CE
Source/Museum: Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. / National Museum of India, New Delhi
Dwarf, the drum, the hand uplifted- do not be afraid mudhra, the fire , the long hair, the 4 arms representing the avatars, the third watchful eye

22. Image 200- Lakshmana Temple – dedicated to Vishnu- – Hindu Temples are residences of the gods. Not for congregational worship.
Small rooms- womb of the world- for priests to worship- called the embryo room
Thick wall, cella and a hypostyle hall can be seen from the outside- corbelled roofs,
Ashlar masonry, inner ambulatory

23. Lakshmana Temple detail of Façade
Mithuna couples

24. Lakshmana Temple- warrior fighting lion with bare hands

25. Plan Lakshmana Temple- east- west axis gets rays from the sun- sunrise and sunset
Sandhara is the inner ambulatory, Sculpture and architecture tie in together, figures refer to regeneration

26. Image Artist: n/a
Title: Angkor Wat, Cambodia, in the city of Angkor Thom
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: 12th century
Source/Museum: Angkor, Cambodia
A temple mountain with corbelling, dedicated to Vishnu and Vishnu’s incarnations.- scupture in horror vacuii format
Many poses, complex mixes of Hindu and Buddha and local gods, built by my different kings, Mount Meru- center of the universe

27. Image 199- Angkor Wat and the City of Angkor Thom- South Gate

28. Details of Angor Wat--- Jayavarman VII as Buddha, some images are not identifiable
Most powerful of the Khmer monarchs- married his sisters- Patron of Angkor Thom
Devoted to Buddhism

29. Angkor Vat- Churning of the Ocean of Milk
Vishnu wrapping the serpent around to church the ocean of milk for immortality and other treasures

30. Plan of Angkor Vat, Cambodia

31. Image 208 Bichitr, Jahangir preferring a Sufi to Kings- 1620
Jahangir had artists follow him around ( paparazzi) to record what he did. Here – after he name himself for Light ( the hallow) he show how he
Is more interested in the holy man than in the Sultan in front of him or King James I. The artist is in the foreground. He is a Hindu in service to the Moslem
Court. This is from a miniature album that was inherited by the Shah Jahan. The Sufi receives a gift, but cannot touch.. .the angels are putti from the Renaissance and the angles are crying ( the sands of time??? In the hour glass?)
Gold is the sun and silver is the moon… Bichitr was considered the premier painter of hands and portraits

32. Artist: n/a
Title: Durga Mahishasura-mardini (Durga as Slayer of the Buffalo Demon)- with great calm, she rides her lion and manages to subdue him.
Medium: Granite, Rock-cut relief
Size: height approx. 9' (2.7 m)
Date: Pallava period, c. mid-7th century CE
Source/Museum: Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu, India