1. Early Buddhist Art Vocabulary Buddha Nirvana Karma Urna Ushnisha Mandala Stupa Aniconic Chaityas Torana Mandala Stupa Aniconic

2. Early Buddhism Buddha-the “Enlightened One” Indian prince, 6th century BCE Four Noble Truths: Everything is pain; pain is desire; extinction of desire is nirvana; following the path of Buddhism ends pain Ability to create good Karma for a better rebirth End of rebirthing cycle is achievement of Nirvana

3. The Great Stupa, Sanchi, India, 3 rd century BCE

4. Diagram of the Great Stupa, Sanchi, India, 3 rd century BCE

5. Torana, The Great Stupa, Sanchi, India, 10-30 CE

6. Boh Tree, detail of the East Torana, Great Stupa, Sanchi, India, 10-30 CE

7. Yakshi, The Great Stupa, Sanchi, India, 10-30 CE

8. Seated Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 2 nd -3 rd century CE Urna-spot on head, curl of hair Ushnisha-lump on top of head Buddha first depicted in human form in the 1 st century BC in India and Pakistan Similarity to Roman Gods

9. Buddhism in China-1 st century CE 220-589 CE, China experienced civil unrest as a result of several conflicting dynasties Buddhism comes to China via the “Silk Road” from India Buddha-the “Enlightened One” Indian prince Four Noble Truths: Everything is pain; pain is desire; extinction of desire is nirvana; following the path of Buddhism ends pain Ability to create good Karma for a better rebirth End of rebirthing cycle is achievement of Nirvana

10. Sakyamuni Buddha, China, Zhau Dynasty, 338 CE Resembles prototype of the Pakistani Buddha Misrepresentation of meditation gesture