1. Square Deal
Teddy Roosevelt

2. President McKinley’s VP
McKinley was assassinated and that make Roosevelt the President in 1901
Former NY Police Commissioner
Asst. Sec of Navy
Sp/Am War hero
Square Deal:
Plan of reform to help common people to not get victimized by big business

3. Federal Power w/ strikes
1902 Coal Strike
140,000 coal workers strike, demand 20% raise, 9 hr. workday, and organize a Union.
Operators refuse demands
Coal reserves run low during the winter
Both sides called to White House
Roosevelt threatens govt. takeover
Both sides agree to arbitration
workers= 10% raise, 9hr. Workday
Operators/owners= workers give up union, and right to strike for 3 years.

4. Trust Busting
By 1900 trusts controlled about 1/5 of all industry in US
“Good Trust” vs. “Bad Trust”
Enforcement of Sherman Anti-Trust Act
1902- TR ordered the Justice Dept. to sue No. Securities Co. Which established a monopoly on NW RR’s
1904 – Sup. Crt. Dissolved the No. Securities Co.
Later takes on beef, tobacco, and oil trusts

5. Rail Road Regulation Elkins Act 1903 Hepburn Act 1906
Made it illegal for railroad officials and shippers to give or receive rebates.
RR could not change its’ rates w/out notifying the public.
Hepburn Act 1906
Limited the distribution of free RR passes
Allowed the ICC power to set max railroad rates.

6. Labor Issues Boston Police strike Lack of raise
Commissioner fired union representatives
Remaining officers went on strike
Mass. Gov. Calvin Coolidge calls the National Guard to end the strike
Hires new commissioner, and replace strikers
AFL (Samuel Gompers) appeals to Gov. on police behalf
“public safety can not be at risk or dangered on strike at any time”

7. Misc. Roosevelt
Kept business in line with 42 Anti-trust (Anti-monopoly) lawsuits
Aided the environment (Conservationism) by setting aside 200 million acres of land for national forests, mineral resources and water reserves (Including the Tennessee Valley Authority)
16th Amendment – Income Tax. More money from the wealthy
18th Amendment – Prohibition. Manufacture, sale and possession of alcohol illegal.
Does not seek re-election after 2nd term, Chooses William H. Taft to be his successor
Nobel Peace Prize for settling the Russo-Japanese War. 
Prohibition was a result of the Woman’s Temperance Movement who sought to end the poverty and violence associated with alcohol.