1. Russia in Revolution (1917-1939)
World History
From Czars to Communists
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2. A History First: Russian Timeline
Czarist Russia-Romanov
Alexander II
Reformer (serfs freed)
Modernize (-100 yrs)
assassinated
Alexander III
Reverses Dad’s work
Pogroms v. Jews
1891 Trans-Siberia RR
Why? (1916 done)
Russification
Nicholas II
1905 Bloody Sunday
1906 Duma
1914 WWI
1916 Rasputin Murdered
1917 Abdication/Provisional
1918 Murdered (300yrs)
Communist Russia
Lenin
Stalin (Cold War)
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3. Abdication of the Czar aka March Revolution
March 1917, food and fuel shortages
Petrograd: workers on strike & bread
riots
March 15, 1917 Nicholas II abdicates (forced)
Why? War, poverty, weak, corruption,Rasputin
Provisional government set up
Led by Alexander Kerensky (Prime Minister)
Wanted a constitutional assembly (Duma)
Rivals-Petrograd Soviet (of workers and soldiers’ deputies)
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4. Nicholas II
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5. Provisional Government (Moderate)
Rival Marxists= Mensheviks v. Bolsheviks
Prov. Govt. struggled, Bolsheviks grow stronger w/ help of Lenin who arrived on 4/16/1917 from exile
Duma kept Russia in WWI, but troops desert, peasants want land,workers want food, troops side with revolutionaries
Petrograd set up Soviets (councils)
W. Europe socialists thought socialism could be achieved by reform
Lenin said socialism achieved thru revolution.
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6. Lenin: AKA Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
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7. Bolshevik Revolution (Radicals)
Summer of 1917, Bolsheviks gain seats in Petrograd Soviet, by Sept. they control it.
November revolution occurs w/ Lenin’s slogan “Peace, Land, and Bread”. Trotsky joins cause.
Coup d’ e’tat by Red Army, bloodless. Provisional govt last < 1yr. Bolsheviks in charge now
Moscow=capital, Kremlin=H.Q.
1st Communist nation, called for a socialist state(land to peasants, workers control factories and mines)
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8. Kremlin & St. Basil’s Cathedral
Moscow River
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9. Bolshevik Rev. cont… Lenin to create a “Proletarian Socialist state”
Private ownership of land ends, with land to peasants
New Flag (hammer and sickle)
March 1918 Treaty of Brest Litovsk signed by Lenin ending involvement in WWI, losing 1/3 of territory.
Lenin sets up the “Comintern” (1918).
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10. Russia’s (1918) /U.S.S.R’s flag
Hammer and Sickle
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11. Current Russian Flag
New Flag (1992)
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12. What flag did the Russians use in the 1992 Olympic Games?
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13. Current Flag cont… The colors represent the following: red = people
blue = czar
white = god
On the flag, the Czar is above the people and below god. Alex Shifrin, 11 Jan 2000
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14. Reds vs. Whites March 1918 (to 1921) civil war erupts.
Reds (communist/Bolsheviks) vs.Whites
(anti-comm, const. Monarch, Mensheviks)
Allies help Whites (stay in WWI)
Allied presence creates resentment in Russia
Communists set up Cheka
Romanov’s executed
Lenin’s “War Communism” (problem
starts here)
Trotsky organizes red Army
1921 Reds defeat Whites
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15. Lenin ( ) to Stalin ( )
Lenin’s 1st yrs spent fighting C.W.
Created a constitution(said ?)
1922 U.S.S.R. formed as well as the “Dictatorship of the Proletariat”
Creates N.E.P, “war communism” over, w/ capitalists ventures. (Cold War ideals)
NEP compromise w/ capitalism enabled industrialization & economic recovery
Lenin (Leningrad) dies in 1924, on display
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16. Lenin’s Tomb in Moscow
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17. Trotsky vs. Stalin [man of steel] (Military Leader)vs. (Gen. Sec.)
Trotsky-Red Army (led Bolshevik Rev.), Marxist, good speaker, well liked
Stalin-shrewd politician,Bolshevik underground (prison),appt. govt. jobs
Not what you know, but who you know
Lenin said Stalin was “too rude”
Stalin wishes to make USSR more socialist
Stalin wins, has Trotsky executed (1940)
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18. Joseph Stalin (The Man of Steel): AKA Joseph Djugashvili
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19. Cult of Personality (song)
Definition: when an individual uses mass media, propaganda, or other methods, to create an idealized, heroic, and, at times god-like public image, often through unquestioning praise.
What are the traits of a C o P?
Who were some famous C o P?
Who are some current C o P’s?
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20. Stalin in Power 1928-5 Year Plan set up Make Indus. Power
Sets up “command economy”
Collectivization
Exports of crops pay for industrialization, no western nation loans
Kulaks mad
Famine hits hard, peasants protest
“Great Purge”
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21. Stalin, a ‘Cult of Personality’
Turns USSR into a Totalitarian State
Maintained by purging rivals, secret police, censorship, murder and terror
Atheism = official policy of state
Communism becomes an ideology
Propaganda campaign
Social Benefits: free educ., med., daycare, transp.
Women reformers Krupskaya, Kollontai
Arts- “Socialist Realism”
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22. Stalin Propaganda
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23. French Vs. Russian Revolution
Similarities?
Did it work?
Where did Communism change, or go wrong?
What, if any, mistakes were made in these periods of revolution?
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