1. Get out worksheet from yesterday and Nucleotides
Combine the nucleotides of your choice to create one strand of DNA
Then create the compliment strand of DNA
Compare your strand to your to your neighbors strand and finish the worksheet.

2. Protein Synthesis Warm Up
What is a code?
How does a code work?
What do you think “genetic code” means?

3. RNA vs. DNA RNA DNA ribose sugar nitrogen bases single stranded
G, C, A, U
U : A
C : G
single stranded
Found inside & outside the nucleus
DNA
deoxyribose sugar
nitrogen bases
G, C, A, T
T : A
C : G
double stranded
Only found inside the nucleus

4. Based on what you know about DNA and RNA, describe what you see happing to the DNA molecule in the image to the left.

5. Protein Synthesis Protein Making

6. Goal
Understand the Overall process of protein synthesis (transcription + translation)
Know the Roles
DNA
mRNA
tRNA

7. Organelles used in Protein Synthesis

8. Protein Synthesis
is the process (steps) of sharing the information in the genes of DNA out of the nucleus to the ribosomes to create proteins, which create your traits

9. Protein Synthesis DNA can’t get out! cytoplasm build proteins mRNA
Read DNA blueprint
Create a (single strand) mRNA copy
Leave Nucleus
Goes to Ribosome (cytoplasm)
Ribosome reads RNA
tRNA brings amino acid
Ribosome combines amino acids
cytoplasm
nucleus
DNA can’t get out!
build proteins
mRNA
ribosome

10. Draw this in your spiral
Cell
Ribosome
DNA
mRNA
protein
trait
nucleus

11. Draw this in your spiral
Cell
Ribosome
DNA
mRNA
protein
trait
nucleus

12. Protein Synthesis Story Time
It was Christmas time in the land of Celltopia. There was a princess stuck in her Nucastle because of a broken foot. She really wanted a the gift of blonde hair and green eyes, but she would never make it in time to Santa’s Ribo factory!! So she came up with the idea to write her Christmas list down and give it to her guard. The guard took off with her list on his horse to find one of Santa’s elves who worked in the ribo-facotry and he immediately began reading her list and producing her blonde hair present, and green eye present. On Christmas morning the princess woke up and opened her presents, “yay!!!!” she exclaimed, she now had blonde hair and green eyes!!

13. Correctly Match the photos from the story to your diagram.
Cell
Ribosome
DNA
mRNA
protein
trait
nucleus

14. From nucleus to cytoplasm
transcription
translation
DNA
mRNA
protein
trait
nucleus
cytoplasm

15. First Step - Transcription
DNA
mRNA
First Step - Transcription
Transcribes DNA to mRNA
DNA strand is the template (pattern)
match bases
U : A
G : C
mRNA leaves nucleus into cytoplasm

16. 2nd Step – Translation mRNA to protein
mRNA converted to protein shapes in the ribosome
Ribosome read 3 nitrogen bases at a time
Codon: 3 nitrogen bases creates 1 amino acid
tRNA brings the amino acid
Rib

17. Protein Synthesis = Transcription + Translation

18. Get out the Diagram from Friday
In your table groups complete the transcription translation diagram

19. Check Point!
Match the analogies to the appropriate biological structure.
The Blueprint
The instructions
The reader
The transporter
Word Bank
DNA
tRNA
Ribosome
mRNA
DNA (blueprint) provides the information, the mRNA (instructions) copies the message, the ribosome (reader) de codes the message, and the tRNA (transporter) brings one amino acid to the ribosome over and over again to build a protein.

20. Answer the following questions
Name the two steps of protein synthesis (in order).
What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?
What is the role of mRNA?
What is the role of tRNA (use the word amino acid &protein)?
How is DNA transcribed?
During translation, how does mRNA produce proteins?

21. Matching bases of DNA & RNA
Double stranded DNA unzips T G G T A C A G C T A G T C A T C G T A C C G T

22. Matching bases of DNA & RNA
Match RNA bases to DNA bases on one of the DNA strands
U instead of T is matched to A C U G A G U G U C U G C A A C U A A G C
RNA
polymerase U A G A C C T G G T A C A G C T A G T C A T C G T A C C G T

23. Matching bases of DNA & RNA
U instead of T is matched to A
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGG
DNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCC
mRNA
ribosome U C A G

24. cytoplasm
protein
nucleus
ribosome U C A G
trait

25. The mRNA code For ALL life! Code has duplicates Start codon
strongest support for a common origin for all life
Code has duplicates
several codons for each amino acid
mutation insurance!
Start codon
AUG
methionine
Stop codons
UGA, UAA, UAG
Strong evidence for a single origin in evolutionary theory.

26. How are the codons matched to amino acids?
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGG
DNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCC
mRNA
codon
UAC
Met
GCA
Arg
tRNA
CAU
Val
anti-codon
amino acid
Anti-codon = block of 3 tRNA bases

27. DNA mRNA protein trait From gene to protein tRNA transcriptionaa
transcription
translation
DNA
mRNA
protein
ribosome U C A G
tRNA aa
trait
nucleus
cytoplasm

31. Protein Synthesis Activity!!

32. From gene to protein
protein
transcription
translation