1. Alternative Fuels U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Deborah Adler
Presented at the National Parks Transportation Conference
June 4, 1999 1

2. EPA Goals Improve Air Quality Increase vehicle efficiency
Decrease greenhouse gas emissions
Multiple pathways - vehicle, fuel, VMT
One part of integrated “3E” goals 2

3. Why Alternative Fuels? Greatest potential to meet these multiple goals
Lower ozone precursors and toxics
Reduce or eliminate particulates
More efficient, due to chemical properties
Can be produced from domestic, non-petroleum, renewable feedstocks 3

4. Barriers to Alt Fuel Use
Very low gasoline prices
Extensive petroleum infrastructure
Lower energy density relative to gasoline, diesel
Gasoline vehicles continue to be able to meet tighter emission standards
especially with use of RFG
less costly, less risky 4

5. Reducing the Barriers Many coordinated efforts needed
Federal fleet programs
Public, private
Continue to build infrastructure
Offer incentives (SIP credits, tax credits)
Provide benefit models
Public outreach, education
What can EPA do to help remove the barriers?
Support the federal fleet programs.
Work on EO, CFF, EPACT, private fleet rule
Real need for more infrastructure -
help our regions, help the states, contribute
Hearing that people want SIP credit
current tax credits, more we could offer?
Models as tools that can be used to quantitatively demonstrate the very real environmental benefits of AFVs - MOBILE, lifecycle, fleet modeling (VMEP)
Public perception - AQ benefit is not automatic, etc
mechanics, fuel handlers, drivers, etc. 5

6. AF Vehicle Objectives
Vehicles which meet tighter standards: ULEV, ILEV, ZEV
Advanced technologies - PNGV
Role in proposed Tier 2 standards
Alternative Fuels/Vehicles which are:
Dedicated
Clean
Efficient
Renewable
The vehicles EPA promotes.
Feel that to warrant such a dramatic societal change, these new fuels need to offer significant benefits.
Not just clean as gasoline, cleaner.
Advanced technology that takes full advantage of the positive attributes of alternative fuels, like octane, etc.
Tier 2??? 6

7. AF Vehicle Programs NLEV PNGV Clean Fuel Fleets
Federal fleet acquisitions
EPACT, Exec. Order
Certification issues
New technologies, improved procedures
Voluntary Measures  SIP Credits
These are the alt fuel vehicle programs offered by EPA.
Fleet acquisitions - intraAgency task force
CERT Issues - EG Biodiesel, tampering, etc. 7

8. PNGV
Ultra efficient and clean 4SDI engines optimized for renewable alcohol fuel
4SDI in hybrid applications
4SDI with diesel, + aftertreatment
Demonstrate ultra efficient and clean 4SDI engines optimized for gasoline
Clean Diesel Engines (CIDI)
EPA is a partner in PNGV
Our work includes alt fuel efforts
emphasis is on these 8

9. Clean Fuel Fleet Program
Mandated by Clean Air Act
Encourages AFV Market
Began in September 1998
Eligible CO, Ozone non-attainment areas - currently 4 Cities (soon 5?)
Requires % of new vehicle purchases of LDV and HDV to be ILEV
Intended to significantly promote alt fuels
Offers greater opportunities for AFVs
Small impact, most eligible cities have opted out
but some are considering opting in again
3 Objectives of the program:
1. Reduce vehicle emissions in NA areas
(long term goal, as vehicle #s increase)
2. Promote improved vehicle emissions control
technology. Getting there, with greater
vehicle selection, adv tech coming fast
3. Support infrastructure development for clean
fuels - needs work 9

10. Energy Policy Act Enacted in 1992 Public fleet purchase requirements
EV income tax credit
10% of of purchase price, up to $4,000
pro-rated beginning in 2002, expires 2005
Tax deduction for refueling sites 10

11. EPA Fuel Programs Reformulated Gasoline Tier 2 Proposal
On-going implementation issues (e.g. MTBE)
Transition to Phase 2 beginning Jan. 2000
Tier 2 Proposal
Proposed lower sulfur levels in gasoline
ANPRM seeking comment on need for lower sulfur levels in diesel fuel
Low-greenhouse gas Fuels
Exploring policy options
Evaluate/develop cost eff biomass-based fuels
RFG
Continuing Phase II FACA meetings
Vehicle testing program is complete with no performance problems
public focus groups were done to help determine appropriate message and outreach needed 11

12. OMS Alternative Fuel Team
Goal: to advance the use of environmentally beneficial alternative fuels and vehicles
Objectives:
Coord. AF efforts, internally, externally
Promote and support AF use
Unify EPA efforts and message
Develop policies and programs promoting AF
Coop with, and influence, other Agencies developing AF policies
Formed one year ago
Cross-Divisional, with reps from all OMS Divisions 12

13. Team Efforts Workshops EPA AF vehicle acquisitions
Modeling
Infrastructure
EPA AF vehicle acquisitions
‘Green Cities’ Pilot program
Low-GHG fuels initiative
Fuel Composition Survey
Outreach, education efforts 13

14. We want to hear from you! Web page: www.epa.gov/oms/fuels
Deborah Adler
(734)
Christine Hawk
(202) 14