1. Algorithm for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter. (BB, β-blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker [i.e., verapamil or diltiazem]; DCC, direct-current cardioversion.) aIf AF <48 hours, anticoagulation prior to cardioversion is unnecessary; may consider transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) if patient has risk factors for stroke. bAblation may be considered for patients who fail or do not tolerate one or more antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). cChronic antithrombotic therapy should be considered in all patients with AF and risk factors for stroke regardless of whether or not they remain in sinus rhythm. Reprinted with permission from Wells BG, DiPiro JT, Schwinghammer TL, et al. Pharmacotherapy Handbook. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012.
Source: Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Quick Answers: Pharmacy
Citation: DiPiro CV, Schwinghammer TL. Quick Answers: Pharmacy; 2013 Available at: Accessed: October 27, 2017
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