1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
(Session 28)
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2. Organic Chemistry
Branch of chemistry that studies the carbon compounds.
The number of natural and synthetic organic compounds known to date is over ten million.
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3. Most important elements of organic compounds:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Chloride
Fluoride
Iodine
Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen constitute % of all the atoms that make organic compounds.
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4. Other elements in the organic compounds:
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Calcium
Iron
Cobalt
Manganese
Molybdenum
Boron
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5. Valence Electrons
They are the electrons that are found in the last cap of the atom.
By their electronic configuration we can know the number of valence electrons that an atom has and with this the number of bonds that they can form. For example:
Hydrogen Atomic Number = 1
Electronic configuration 1s ____
They can only form one covalent bonds because they present one orbital s half full.
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6. Bonds in the organic compounds
The covalent bonds is the only predominant chemical bonds of the organic compounds.
The covalent bonds is formed when the atoms are bonded share their electrons.
In the organic compounds we can find two types of covalent bonds:
Simple covalent, when two electrons are shared within atoms.
Multiple covalent, when more then two electrons (four or six electrons) within atoms.
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7. Multiple covalent bonds
Simple covalent bonds
C C H
Multiple covalent bonds
C C H
C C H
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8. Classification of organic compounds
Organic compounds have been classified according to the group of atoms that characterize them and of which their chemical and chemical properties depend greatly on.
This group of atoms has been named functional group.
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9. Classification of organic compounds
Functional Group
Alkanes
R-H
Alkenes
R-C=C- R
Alkynes
R-C≡C- R
Alkyl Halides
R-X where
X=halogen and R =alkyl
Alcohols
R-OH
Aldehydes
R-CH=O
Ketones
R-C-R ׀׀ O
Compound
Functional Group
Ethers
R-O-R
Carboxyl
Acids
R-C=O ׀ OH
Esters
O - R
Amides
NH2
Amines
R - NH2
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10. Bibliography
Catholic University of Cordoba. (2003). Faculty of Chemistry Sciences [Image]. Catholic University of Cordoba. Recuperated on May from the World Wide Web:
Rakoff, H. et al. (1992). Fundamental Organic Chemistry. 1st ed. Mexico: LIMUSA Editorial
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