1. Circulatory System: Blood

2. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Heart Veins Capillaries Arteries lymph vessels
lymph glands

3. Functions of the circulatory system:
Transport and exchange oxygen, nutrients and carbon dioxide
Remove waste materials
Prevent infection
Regulate body temperature.

4. Anatomy and Physiology of the Blood
Blood is an important component of the circulatory system.
Anatomically and functionally, blood is a connective tissue.

5. Components of Blood 1. water (90%)
55% - Plasma: a yellow liquid component of blood
1. water (90%)
2. solids (10%) - proteins,
glucose, clotting factors,
mineral ions, hormones,
and carbon dioxide (waste)

6. Components of Blood 45% - Cellular Component Erythrocytes (RBC)
contain hemoglobin,
red color
carry oxygen
Leukocytes (WBC)
help the body fight bacteria and infection
formed in the small ends of bones
Leukocyte # increases when a tissue is damaged or has an infection
Thrombocytes (platelets)
Aid the formation of blood clots by releasing various protein
substances
contains fibrin - allows blood to clot (coagulate)

7. Parts of the Circulatory System
Pulmonary circulation - takes the blood from the heart to the lungs, where it is oxygenated, and returns it to the heart.
Parts involved: heart, pulmonary arteries, capillaries of the lungs, and pulmonary veins.
Systemic circulation - flow of oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues in all parts of the body and the return of un-oxygenated blood back to the heart.
Parts involved: arteries, capillaries, and veins

8. Three types of blood vessels
Photo from U. S. Federal Government courtesy of Wikipedia.
→ arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins →

9. Three types of blood vessels: Arteries
Arteries - carry blood, rich in oxygen, from the heart to other parts of the body. (Arteries = Away)
Three tissue layers thick: allow to withstand blood pressure
Highly elastic (allows dilation and constriction)
Aorta: largest artery
Divide into arterioles
Where pulse is found
Note: All arteries carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

10. Pulse only felt in arteries
spurt of high pressure blood passing along the arteries when the left ventricle contracts
elastic walls of arteries stretch
When the pulse has passed, the walls contract and this helps push the blood along.
easily felt at certain places where an artery passes near the surface of the body (pulse/pressure points)
strongest near the heart and becomes weaker as it travels away from the heart
No pulse in capillaries or veins
Pulse Rate / Heartbeat /Heart rate
Measured in bpm (beats per minute)
Average Resting Adult: bpm
Tachycardia – exceeds normal range
Bradycardia – below normal range
Men: bpm
Women: bpm
Athletes: bpm
Factors increase heart rate
-dehydration -weight
-exercise -smoking
-caffeine

12. Blood Pressure
Pressure of blood against the walls of the main arteries
Pressure highest when left ventricle contracts, forcing blood into atrium
Systole – contraction of left ventricle
Pressure lowest between pulses, during relaxtion (ventricles refill)
Diastole – relaxation of ventricle
BP = systole/diastole = 120/80 mmHg = normal BP
Hypertension – high blood pressure
Hypotension – low blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer – measures
blood pressure

13. Capillaries
connect arteries to veins; specifically arterioles to venules
Gas Exchange: distribute the nutrients and oxygen to the body's tissues and remove deoxygenated blood and wastes
Extremely thin: only one cell thick
Capillary beds are so dense that no living cell is far from its supply of oxygen and food.

14. Capillary Bed Interaction of molecules flowing in and out of blood at a capillary bed.

15. Veins return blood to the heart from all parts of the body. No pulse
Low pressure
Less elastic and have thinner walls than arteries
Have the same three layers as arteries
Have to overcome gravity
One-way valves – prevent backflow
Skeletal muscle contractions
carry deoxygenated blood towards the lungs where oxygen is received via the pulmonary capillaries.
Note: The pulmonary vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart is an exception.

16. Major Arteries & Veins:Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Artery and Vein – the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood; carries it to the lung

17. Major Arteries & Veins:Systemic Circulation
Aorta
the main artery that pumps blood into the body
largest artery in body
Inferior/Superior Vena cava
allows blood to be returned to the heart
largest vein in body
Arteries and veins to and from many organs often run alongside each other and have the same name
Renal artery and vein – kidney
Femoral artery and vein - hind limbs (legs)
Subclavian artery and vein - forelimbs (arms)
Carotid artery - to the head
Jugular vein – from the head
Hepatic portal vein
carries blood from the intestines to the liver
only vessel that transports blood from one organ to another rather than to or from the heart like arteries or veins.