1. BTEC L3 Health and Social Care
Learning Aim A: Examine principles, values and skills which underpin meeting the care and support needs of individuals.

2. A.P1: Explain the importance of promoting equality and diversity for individuals with different needs
What do we mean by the terms ‘equality’ ‘diversity’ and ‘discrimination’?
TASK: produce a mind map/list to define each of the terms.

3. Defining equality
Everyone has equal access to the services they need, no matter where they live or how they live. This does not mean the same thing as everyone having the same service – it is about ensuring individuals receive personalised care.

4. Defining diversity
A variety or range of differences – from age and gender to culture and beliefs. These differences should be respected,, and in a multicultural society like Britain it is extremely important.

5. Defining discrimination
When a person has a prejudice against a person or group based on reasons such as age, race, religion or social class.
There are four types:
Unfair
Direct
Indirect
Positive
TASK: Create a table and use your textbook to complete the definitions of the above.

6. Effects of discrimination
A.M1: Analyse the importance of preventing discrimination for individuals with different needs.
TASK: Brainstorm the effects that discrimination might have on an individual or group. Try and relate this to health and social care where possible.
Effects of discrimination

7. Loss of Self-esteem
Reluctance to Seek Support
And Treatment
Depression and Anxiety
Stress
Impact on Waiting Times
For Different Groups
Loss of Confidence
Withdrawals from Social Activities
Feeling Unable to Work
Mental Illness triggered by Stress
Losing a Sense of Who You Are
Living in Fear of Others
Injury and Death

8. A.D1: Evaluate the success of promoting anti-discriminatory practice for specific individuals with different needs
There are a number of ways in which care services can work to prevent discrimination in care;
Access
Diet
Support
Use of advocacy services
TASK: Use our textbook to take notes on how services use the above ways.

9. Initiatives Access: Diet: Support: Advocacy:
Employers and service providers must make "reasonable adjustments" for a disabled person if they would otherwise be at a substantial disadvantage compared with non-disabled people.
Reasonable adjustments for a service provider or business, a reasonable adjustment could be a ramp to increase the accessibility of their premises, or disability awareness training for their staff.
Diet:
There must be a choice for those with religious, cultural or medical needs.
Support:
Support must be offered and available in many formats in order to reflect the local culture.
Advocacy:
An advocate can speak on behalf of someone else if they are unable to do so for many reasons, such as confidence, illness or disability.

10. Important skills and qualities
A.P2: Explain the skills and personal attributes necessary for professionals who care for individuals with different needs
TASK 1: In pairs, mind map all of the skills and qualities that you think are important for working in health and social care.
Compassion in practice is the national strategy for nurses, midwives and care staff. Key to this strategy is the 6 C’s.
TASK 2: Research and produce a summary of the 6 C’s.
Important skills and qualities

11. Skills needed in H&SC
Write and speak so that others listen and understand • Read and understand information shown in a variety of ways, including written and spoken English • Listen and ask questions to understand other people’s points of view • Understand the need to be reliable and dependable • Give examples of a care worker acting responsibly and being accountable in a care work setting • Understand the purpose of policies and procedures in a social care workplace • Demonstrate an ability to assess situations and identify problems and suggest solutions in a social care workplace scenario • Know how to help ‘customers’ and deal with their questions and problems • Demonstrate willingness to work in a team • Demonstrate an ability to work well with others • Be open and respond well to simple changes • Show interest, initiative and effort • Understand the need to gain skills and knowledge to support and develop your work • Be willing to learn from mistakes and accept feedback and offer feedback to others in a positive way • Be willing to reflect on practice and improve • Be willing to share skills and to provide feedback to others in a positive way • Be able to use everyday technology such as mobile phones, applications and basic word processing • Be able to make estimates and check calculations for accuracy • Understand how to add, subtract, multiply and divide numbers and give examples of when each should be used in day-to-day social care work • Observe and record data accurately and legibly

12. Qualities working on H&SC
“You’ll be warm and engaging while showing real empathy with service users and their individual circumstances”

13. The 6 C’s
Care:
Care is our core business and that of our organisations, and the care we deliver helps the individual person and improves the health of the whole community. Caring defines us and our work. People receiving care expect it to be right for them, consistently, throughout every stage of their life.
Compassion:
Compassion is how care is given through relationships based on empathy, respect and dignity - it can also be described as intelligent kindness, and is central to how people perceive their care.
Competence:
Competence means all those in caring roles must have the ability to understand an individual’s health and social needs and the expertise, clinical and technical knowledge to deliver effective care and treatments based on research and evidence.
Communication
Communication is central to successful caring relationships and to effective team working. Listening is as important as what we say and do and essential for "no decision about me without me". Communication is the key to a good workplace with benefits for those in our care and staff alike.
Courage
Courage enables us to do the right thing for the people we care for, to speak up when we have concerns and to have the personal strength and vision to innovate and to embrace new ways of working.
Commitment
A commitment to our patients and populations is a cornerstone of what we do. We need to build on our commitment to improve the care and experience of our patients, to take action to make this vision and strategy a reality for all and meet the health, care and support challenges ahead.

14. TASK
Research the failings at the Mid Staffordshire hospital and Winterbourne View hospital.
What were some of the key issues? Can you find examples of where the 6 C’s were not implemented?

15. Failings at Mid Staffordshire
Warning Signs
 Patient stories
 Mortality
 Complaints
 Staff concerns
 Whistleblowers
 Governance issues
 Finance
 Staff reductions
Recommendations
Common values
 Fundamental standards
 Openness, transparency and candour
 Compassionate, caring, committed nursing
 Strong patient centred healthcare leadership
 Accurate, useful and relevant information
 Culture change not dependent on Government

16. People skills
Think back to the mind map you did earlier – how many of the skills below did you tick off?
Empathy
Patience
Engendering trust
Flexibility
Sense of humour
Negotiating
Honesty
Problem solving
What do the terms above mean, and why are they important?

17. Communication skills
Why are good communication skills so important in health and social care?
What do you think active listening means?
Why is tone of voice important?
What do we mean by ‘using appropriate language’?
Discuss the above questions in small groups and be prepared to feed back to the class.

18. Discussion
1) Outstanding communication skills are an essential attribute in nursing. For nurses to be able to do their job efficiently they will have to communicate with a wide range of people, from patients and co-workers to their superiors and subordinates as well as the numerous family and friends that call upon the patient during their stay in the hospital. Such communication will be an integral part of daily work.
Being able to communicate and get the message across clearly can save a lot of time and make the work load a lot easier but that’s not the only consequence. Bad or ineffective communication can take a bad situation and make it worse. It leads to a host of problems, doubles the work that needs to be done and could even endanger a patient’s life. These are just some of the reasons why it is necessary for all nurses to sharpen and practice their communication skills so that they can improve.
2) Active listening is a technique used by the nurse to reflect on what a patient has said to him or her and can help patients feel more deeply and be understood better by the nurse.
3) Mumbling, speaking too quickly, failing to complete sentences and using a hostile or aggressive tone will also impair the effectiveness of communication.
4) A person’s choice of words, as well as the way they speak, influences the effectiveness of their communication.

19. Observation skills
TASK: Using your textbook p242, please complete the following table:
Observing changes in an individual’s condition
Monitoring children’s development
Other
observations

20. CASE STUDY TASK
Read the case study on p243 and answer the five questions.
Be prepared to justify your responses with the rest of the class.

21. Case Study
1) He has a trusting relationship and he felt he could talk to his doctor.
2) He could have felt confused, anxious, frightened, stupid…….
3) Made sure the environment was warm and caring, had information around, in case he was misinterpreted by his patients. Communicate effectively.
4) He was able to come back to his GP and have a long discussion about his condition and come to realise that he was not likely to die, he became less fearful.
5) He used humour, he spends time with him, he explains the condition to him in an appropriate manner.

22. A.M2: Assess different methods professionals might use when building relationships and establishing trust with individuals with needs.
What does the term empathy mean?
The ability to understand someone else’s situation/condition from their point of view. ‘Putting yourself in their shoes’.

23. A bit of psychology now…
Attachment and emotional resilience theory (Bowlby)
Attachment theory highlights the importance of a child having significant person (usually a mother) to form a close bond with.
This bond helps the child to develop successfully, and ensures that they are resilient and autonomous.

24. Bowlby’s Attachment Theory

25. The triangle of care
Research what is meant by the triangle of care – use and any other websites to help you.
You should also draw a diagram that depicts the triangle of care.

26. Triangle of Care

27. Empathy theories
Empathy theory offers an explanation of empathy as being not only a person’s capacity to share emotions, but also their ability to engage emotively with the world around them.
TASK: Using p , summarise the empathy theories of Volkelt, Vischer, Scheler and Hoffman.