1. Why Study Plants? Why not?
“To be useless, various, and abstruse is sufficient recommendation of a science to make it pleasing to me.”
William Harvey ( )

2. How do humans use plants?

9. Agricultural product as fodder
Fodder- food that is fed to domestic animals.
Maize (Zea mays) is the most important crop in the United States.
80% of this crop is consumed by animals.

11. How do animals use plants?

12. Primary Producers

13. Phytoremediation
The treatment of pollutants or waste by the use of plants to break down undesirable substances.
Sunflowers
Willow trees
Pickleweed

14. Wastewater Treatment Lemna gibba- duckweed.
Eichornia crassipes- water hyacinth.

15. Biodiesel and Bioethanol from Plants

16. Plants in Space Chlorella- a unicellular green alga.
Nutritional supplement.
Process waste (urine).
Life support system, O2.

17. Medicine in Ancient Times
Otzi (3,350-3,140 BC)- frozen in ice, found in the alps on the Italian-Austrian border.
Birch fungus used as a laxative and as a natural antibiotic.
The common herbs used in Ancient Greece:
Anise, black helebore, cassia, cucumber, wild root of (squirting cucumber), cumin, cyclamen, root of frankincense, germander, lettuce, wild myrrh, olive oil, opium, poppy, parsnip, seseli.

18. Hippocrates (460-380 BC) Father of medicine
Ancient Greek physician for the Medical School at Kos.
Wrote Corpus Hippocraticum

19. Medicine in Modern Times
25% of the medicine on the market is derived directly from plants.
Drugs made from fungi prevent the rejection of transplanted hearts and other organs.
The active ingredient in aspirin was originally derived from willow bark.
Paclitaxel, a compound found in the Pacific yew tree, assists in the treatment of some cancers.
The rosy periwinkle helps treat diabetes.
Herbal remedies. Ginkgo biloba is prescribed for depression, mental weakness or confusion, loss of memory, ringing of the ears.

20. Egyptian Papyrus

21. The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

22. Chemical Elements

23. Metabolites Primary Metabolites- molecules found in all plant cells.
Secondary Metabolites- molecules restricted in their distribution, both within the plant and among different plants; important for survival and propagation.

24. Macromolecule Synthesis and Splitting

25. Carbohydrates

27. Lipids

30. Proteins
Acid group
Amino group

32. Nucleic Acids

35. Alkaloids

36. Terpenoids

38. Phenolics

39. What is the role of the photosynthetic organism in the carbon cycle?

40. Global O2 from photosynthesis
80% comes from marine cyanobacteria.
Synechococcus
Synechocystis
20% comes from terrestrial systems.
5% of this comes from tropical rainforests.

41. Increases in O2 from photosynthesis had 2 consequences:
Photosynthetic organisms evolved 3.4 BYA and are responsible for the biological revolution
Increases in O2 from photosynthesis had 2 consequences:
1) Formation of ozone- O2 molecules in atmosphere converted to ozone (O3).
2.5 BYA
2) Formation of aerobic atmosphere.
Respiration- break down of molecules by oxidation.
Eukaryotic cells- appearance and proliferation of cells.
2.1 BYA

42. Summary of Photosynthesis

43. 450
430
Phycobilins
445
480
660
410
640

48. Light Reactions

50. Photorespiration

51. C4 Photosynthesis