1. Astronomy & Insolation Review

2. Evidence for the Earth’s rotation
Coriolis Effect
Star Trails
Foucault Pendulum

3. Evidence for Revolution
Stars (we see different stars
depending on the season)
Seasons (we are closer to
the Sun in winter and
farther in summer)

4. Moon Phases Due to revolution Be able to interpret diagram
Waxing (going into a full moon)
Waning (going into a new moon)
Why do we see phases?
What positions (crescent and gibbous)
When would we see an eclipse?

5. Tides

6. The Sun Sunspots, solar flares. What causes sunspots?
What part of the sun do we see in a solar eclipse?
Where does the sun get its energy?
What will happen to this fuel as the sun ages?
Sun’s life cycle?

7. Life Cycle of Stars Small stars - just “burn out”, white dwarf
Medium (sun) enlarge to red giant (larger, cooler) then shrink to white dwarf
Massive – supernova
Be familiar with the H-R Diagram

8. H-R diagram (reference table)
Be familiar with this chart.
Know how to read it and interpret the information.

9. Our Galaxy (The Milky Way Galaxy)
Where is our solar system?

10. Doppler Effect Evidence that the universe is expanding
Red = receding = Moving away
Blue = coming toward you
Longwaves Shortwaves

11. Kepler/ Newton Laws (no math for this, don’t need to memorize exactly)
Equal areas
Planets move faster when they are closer to the Sun
Bigger objects = more gravitational pull
Gravity is stronger when closer
Planetary orbits are elliptical, with the sun at one of the foci (the other foci is imaginary)

12. About the Planets… Jovian/Gas giants - Which ones?
Terrestrial – Which ones?
Know the general characteristics
Solar System Chart in Reference Tables

13. Eccentricity
The rounder the orbit = the more it resembles the number 0 = the closer its eccentricity is to 0
The flatter the orbit = the more it resembles the number 1 = the closer the eccentricity is to 1

14. How do we know the Earth revolves (moves around the sun = 365 days)?
1. Different constellations are visible at different times of the year
2. Apparent diameter of celestial objects change
3. Doppler Effect of Stars
4. Seasons

15. How do we know the Earth rotates (spins on its axis = 24 hours)?
Day and night
Coriolis Effect
Star Trails
Foucault Pendulum

16. Sun’s Path: Solstices Summer Solstice = June 21
Sun rises North of East & Sets North of West
15 Hours of Daylight
Sun’s rays are direct at the Tropic of Cancer
Winter Solstice = December 21
Sun rises South of East & Sets South of West
9 Hours of Daylight
Sun’s rays are direct at the Tropic of Capricorn

17. *Notice they are the SAME except for the dates*
Sun’s Path: Equinoxes
Fall Equinox = September 22
Sun rises Due East & Sets Due West
12 Hours of Daylight
Sun’s rays are direct at the Equator
Spring Equinox = March 21
*Notice they are the SAME except for the dates*