1. Perspective Drawing Techniques
Chapter 40
Perspective Drawing Techniques

2. Links for Chapter 40 Perspective Terms Two-Point Perspective
One-Point Perspective
Perspectives with CADD

3. Types of Perspective Drawings
Three-point is used for tall structures with many levels
Two-point is used to present the exterior of a structure, but can be used for interior designs
One-point is used to show interior layout or exterior views

4. Perspective Terms
Ground line (G.L.) represents the horizontal surface at the base of the perspective drawing
Used to make vertical measurements

5. Perspective Terms
Station point (S.P.) is the position of the observer’s eye
Where all width measurements converge
As the S.P. moves closer to picture plane the width will become smaller
Placed so the structure will be in a 30° cone

6. Perspective Terms

7. Perspective Terms
Horizon line (H.L.) drawn parallel to the ground line and represents the intersection between the ground and sky
Usually placed between 5’ and 6’ above the ground line
A high H.L. will appear as if you were looking down on the structure

8. Perspective Terms
Vanishing points (V.P.) are placed on the horizon line
Placement of V.P. for a two-point perspective will be determined by the station point and angle of the floor plan
All lines are drawn to the V.P.
One or two V.P. are given

9. Perspective Terms

10. Perspective Terms

11. Perspective Terms
Picture plane (P.P.) is the plane that the view of the object is projected onto
Represented by a horizontal line
Parts above the P.P. will appear smaller and those below will appear larger
A surface rotated away from the P.P. will become foreshortened in the perspective view

12. Perspective Terms

13. Perspective Terms

14. Perspective Terms
True-height line (T.H.L.) is a line projected from a point on the picture plane to establish true height
After being projected to the T.H.L. the line is projected to the V.P.
Experimenting with various line placements a variety of effects can be created

15. Perspective Terms

16. Two-Point Perspective
Begin by printing a floor plan and an elevation
Use paper about 4’ long and 2’ high
Use colored pencils to assist in distinguishing lines

17. Two-Point Perspective
Draw picture plane
Tape floor plan at 30° to picture plane with one corner on that line
Draw cantilevers and roof outline on floor plan
Establish ground line greater than the height of the structure

18. Two-Point Perspective
Tape elevation to the side of the drawing so ground lines are aligned
Establish true-height line
Establish station point
Establish horizon line
Establish vanishing points

19. Two-Point Perspective
Project lines from roof corners down to the station point, but stop line at picture plane
Project these down from picture plane to drawing area
Project height of roof onto true-height line
Project roof heights to vanishing points
Complete roof layout

20. Two-Point Perspective
Project lines from each wall corner to station point stopping at the picture plane
Project these down from the picture plane to the drawing area
Plot outline of all windows and doors in a different color

21. One-Point Perspective
Draw picture plane
Tape floor plan at a larger scale to picture plane
Locate station point
Establish ground line which will be the floor
Establish ceiling heights up from floor

22. One-Point Perspective
Establish width of the drawing
Establish the vanishing point
Project corners to the vanishing point from the elevation
Project corners to the station point from the plan view
Lay out walls, floor, and ceiling

23. One-Point Perspective
Measure cabinet height on elevations and project these to the true-height line
Lay out the shape of the base cabinets
Lay out the cabinets on the back wall
Lay out upper cabinets

24. One-Point Perspective
Lay out cabinet widths and appliances from station points onto the drawing
Block out windows and doors
Block out soffits, skylights, and other ceiling items

25. Perspectives with CADD

26. Perspectives with CADD