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2. 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 starting with including including first then
Roadmap Chapter 1 Page 1
In this chapter you will learn about
Key themes to structure your thinking about Biology
starting with
including
including
What does it mean
to say that something
is alive?
Two of the greatest
unifying ideas in Biology
The process of
doing Biology
1.1
1.5
first
then
The theory of
evolution by
natural selection
The cell theory
1.2
1.3
predicts
The tree of life
1.4

3. If this is a Science Course, then the first thing we should learn is what Science is, right?
tumblr_mczd4kLOuo1qgsgebo1_1280.jpg
With apologies to: Nightmare Before Christmas

4. Science: a methodical approach to the acquisition of knowledge
Observation: Use the metric (SI) units to measure your world!
Question: Be curious-the bad question is the one you fail to ask!
Hypothesis: Make falsifiable educated guess to answer question
Prediction: If the hypothesis is true… then the dependent variable will respond… when I manipulate the independent variable.
Experiment: Manipulate the independent variable=treatment Compare the response to an unmanipulated control
Analysis: Use statistical test and allow % for statistical error Type 1: rejecting a true H -- Type2: failing to reject false H
Decision: Reject hypothesis or Cannot reject hypothesis

5. Scientific Method Observation Question Hypothesis Prediction
Experiment
Analysis
Decision
revise
re-test from different
perspective
Reject
Cannot Reject
after many cycles without rejection
Hypothesis becomes Theory

6. We are all born as scientists and do the scientific method innately.
As an example, we will walk through a more adult experience, and see how your natural reactions to the situation include almost instant application of multiple cycles of the scientific method!

7. Here is a normal behavior:
Scientific Method
Bulb In?
Power On?
Switch Broken?
Wire Shorted?
Plugged In?
Paid Bill?
Bulb Burned Out?
Bulb loose?
Here is a normal behavior:
On all of your note cards, write your FIRST and LAST names. Your FIRST name should be written as YOU would like to be called.
On each card write the QUESTION NUMBER and then the CHOICE you make to answer the question.

8. 1. The “Bulb Absent” hypothesis was tested first because:
It is likely someone stole the bulb.
It is the correct step in the scientific method.
Bulbs often disappear and reappear magically.
The test of this hypothesis is easy, fast, and decisive.
Hand in your card

9. 2. Which would be the most conclusive observation during the experiment testing the “Power Is Out” hypothesis?
All neighboring houses are dark.
Some neighbor’s houses have light inside.
Other lights in my house are out.
Streetlights and Stoplights are out.
Hand in your card

10. 3. In testing the “Switch is Broken” hypothesis, why the multiple flips?
Had to be 100% sure of results.
Required to prove hypothesis.
To exceed the number of trials needed to meet the chosen % allowed for statistical error.
Number chosen randomly by the person.
Hand in your card

11. Scientific Method Bulb In? Power On? Switch Broken? Wire Shorted?
Plugged In?
Paid Bill?
Bulb Burned Out?
Bulb loose?
after many cycles without rejection
Hypothesis becomes Theory
Theory of Evolution
Law of Conservation of Matter
Law of Conservation of Energy
An Alternative Lamp Theory?

12. Louis Pasteur: Testing The Question of Spontaneous Generation
French Biochemist and Microbiologist
Germ Theory of Disease
Pasteurization of Food (60°C 30 min)
Vaccinations against Rabies and Anthrax

13. Do cells arise spontaneously or from other cells?
Page 4 Figure 1.2
Do cells arise spontaneously or from other cells?
Cells arise spontaneously from nonliving materials.
Cells are produced only when preexisting cells grow and divide.
Pasteur experiment with straight-necked flask:
Pasteur experiment with swan-necked flask:
1. Place nutrient broth in
straight-necked flask.
1. Place nutrient broth in
swan-necked flask.
Cells
Cells
2. Boil to sterilize the
flask (killing any living
cells that were in the
broth).
2. Boil to sterilize the flask
(killing any living cells that
were in the broth).
Condensation settles
in neck
No cells
Cells
No cells
Cells
3. Preexisting cells
enter flask from air.
3. Preexisting
cells from air
are trapped in
swan neck.
Cells will appear in broth.
Cells will appear in broth.
Cells will appear in broth.
Cells will not appear in broth.
Spontaneous
generation
hypothesis
rejected
Both hypotheses
supported
Cells
No cells
Cells arise from preexisting cells, not spontaneously from nonliving material.