1. Biological Organization
Over 1.8 million species in the world

2. Characteristics of Life (p 7 of text):
Can assimilate and use energy
Can respond to their environment
Can maintain a relatively constant internal environment
Possess and inherited information base, encoded in DNA, that allows them to function
Can reproduce, through use of the information encoded in DNA
Are composed of one or more cells
Evolved from other living things
Are highly organized compared to inanimate objects

3. Dichotomous Keys:
Graphic format:
Traditional, List format:

4. Two types of Cells Prokaryotes: Do not have organelles or a nucleus
Contain ribosomes
Much smaller than Eukaryotes
Domain Bacteria and Archaea
Eukaryotes:
Membrane bound organelles and a nucleus
More organized and larger than Prokaryotes
Domain Eukarya – Kingdoms Protista,
Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi

5. Biological Classification:
Three Domains:
Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
6+ Kingdoms:
Animalia
Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
Plantae
Protista
Note: The kingdom Monera is now split into Bacteria and Archaea

6. The Tree of Life: the three domains

7. Classification of a red squirrel:
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Sciuridae
Genus: Tamiasciuris
Species: Tamiasciuris hudsonicus
Scientific name for Red Squirrel: Tamiasciuris hudsonicus
or Tamiasciuris hudsonicus

8. Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Many
Characteristics (Very diverse):
Tiny! – measured in micrometers (µm) 1/1000 of a mm
One ring chromosome
Consumers – aerobic and anaerobic
Autotrophs – photo and chemo
Ex: Staphylococcus aureus

9. Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Many
Characteristics (Very diverse):
Also tiny
Many are extremophiles –can survive in very low and high temperatures, acidic, alkaline, and saline conditions
More like eukaryotes than bacteria
Ex: Halobacteria spp.

10. Domain: Eukaryotes
Kingdom: Protista
Characteristics:
Mostly Unicellular
Multicellular algae
Plant-like: Photosynthetic
Animal-like: Digests food internally
Fungus-like: Digests food externally
Ex: Amoeba

11. Domain: Eukaryotes
Kingdom: Animalia
Characteristics:
Non-photosynthetic
Multicellular
Digests food internally
Ex: Human being
Homo Sapiens

12. Domain: Eukaryotes
Kingdom: Plantae
Characteristics:
Photosynthetic
Multicellular
Terrestrial
Ex: Douglas Fir
Pseudotsuga menzieseii

13. Domain: Eukaryotes
Kingdom: Fungi
Characteristics:
Non-photosynthetic
Multicellular
Digests food externally
Ex: Amanita mushroom
Amanita muscaria

14. What is it???

15. Elkhorn Coral – Animalia/Bacteria
Elkhorn Coral – Animalia that is symbiotic with unicellular algae (zooxanthellae)

16. Australian Sea horse - Animalia

17. Barrel Sponge - Animalia

18. Seaweed (Macroalgae) – Plant-like Protista

19. Bacteria
Rod Bacteria

20. Indian Pipe – Plantae (obtains food from conifers via fungus)

21. Slime mold – Fungus-like Protista
Slime mold - Protist
Slime mold – Fungus-like Protista

22. fungi
Mold - Fungi

23. Rotifer – Microscopic Animalia
Rotifer - animalia
Rotifer – Microscopic Animalia

24. Paramecium – animal-like Protista

25. Euglena – Plant-like Protista

26. Archaea
Archaea

27. Lichen – Fungi with photosynthetic algae (protista) or bacteria

28. Diatoms – Protists (unicellular algae with silica shell)
Diatoms – Protista – unicellular algae with silica shell
Diatoms – Protists (unicellular algae with silica shell)

29. HIV Virus – not considered living by most scientists
Viruses :
don’t reproduce on own
don’t have a membrane
don’t metabolize
are not composed of cells