1. By Dr. Madhukar H. Dalvi Nagindas Khandwala college
Introduction to SPSS By
Dr. Madhukar H. Dalvi
Nagindas Khandwala college

2. Objective of the Presentation
About the four-windows in SPSS
The basics of managing data files
The basic analysis in SPSS
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

3. Introduction: What is SPSS?
Originally it is an acronym of Statistical Package for the Social Science but now it stands for Statistical Product and Service Solutions
One of the most popular statistical packages which can perform highly complex data manipulation and analysis with simple instructions
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

4. VERSIONS OF SPSS SPSS Ver-1 to Ver-5 : DOS VERSIONS
SPSS Ver-6 to Ver-20 : WINDOWS VERSIONS
SPSS-X : For MAIN FRAMES (on various operating system platforms)
SPSS-LAN: For LAN
Web site:
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

5. BASIC APPLICATIONS Creating data as Spread-sheet
Generating Reports as Tables
Statistical Analysis of Data
Graphic Presentations Define
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

6. MAIN STEPS IN USING SPSS
Creating data or Getting data
Defining data
Modifying data
Processing data
generating tables
statistical analysis
generating graphs
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

7. Data editor Output viewer Syntax editor Script window
The Four Windows:
Data editor
Output viewer
Syntax editor
Script window

8. The Four Windows: Data Editor
Data Editor NATIONAL INSURANCE\NATIONAL INSURANCE.sav
Spreadsheet-like system for defining, entering, editing, and displaying data. Extension of the saved file will be “sav.”
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

9. The Four Windows: Output Viewer
Output Viewer NATIONAL INSURANCE\NATIONAL INSURANCE OUTPUT.sav.spv
Displays output and errors. Extension of the saved file will be “spv.”
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

10. The Four Windows: Syntax editor
Text editor for syntax composition. Extension of the saved file will be “sps.”
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

11. The Four Windows: Syntax editor
Script Window
Provides the opportunity to write full-blown programs, in a BASIC-like language. Text editor for syntax composition. Extension of the saved file will be “sbs.”
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

12. The basics of managing data files

13. Opening SPSS Start → All Programs → SPSS Inc→ SPSS 16.0
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

14. Opening SPSS The default window will have the data editor
There are two sheets in the window:
1. Data view Variable view
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

15. Data Definition Variables Name Variable Type Field Width
Decimal Positions
Variable Label
Value Labels
Missing Values
Column Width
Alignment
Scale
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

16. Data View window The Data View window
This sheet is visible when you first open the Data Editor and this sheet contains the data
Click on the tab labeled Variable View
This window shows the actual data values and the name of the variables.
Click
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

17. Variable View window
This sheet contains information about the data set that is stored with the dataset
Name
The first character of the variable name must be alphabetic
Variable names must be unique, and have to be less than 64 characters.
Spaces are NOT allowed.
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

18. Variable View window: Type
Click on the ‘type’ box. The two basic types of variables that you will use are numeric and string. This column enables you to specify the type of variable.
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

19. Variable View window: Width
Width allows you to determine the number of characters SPSS will allow to be entered for the variable
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

20. Variable View window: Decimals
Number of decimals
It has to be less than or equal to 16
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

21. Variable View window: Label
You can specify the details of the variable
You can write characters with spaces up to 256 characters
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

22. Variable View window: Values
This is used and to suggest which numbers represent which categories when the variable represents a category
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

23. Defining the value labels
Click the cell in the values column as shown below
For the value, and the label, you can put up to 60 characters.
After defining the values click add and then click OK.
Click
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

24. Practice 1 How would you put the following information into SPSS?
Value = 1 represents Male and Value = 2 represents Female
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

25. Practice 1 (Solution Sample)
Click
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

26. Click
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

27. Saving the data
To save the data file you created simply click ‘file’ and click ‘save as.’ You can save the file in different forms by clicking “Save as type.”
Click
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

28. Sorting the data Click ‘Data’ and then click Sort Cases
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

29. Sorting the data (cont’d)
Double Click ‘Name of the students.’ Then click ok.
Click
Click
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

30. Practice 2
How would you sort the data by the ‘Height’ of students in descending order?
Answer
Click data, sort cases, double click ‘height of students,’ click ‘descending,’ and finally click ok.
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

31. Transforming data Click ‘Transform’ and then click ‘Compute Variable…’
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

32. Transforming data (cont’d)
Example: Adding a new variable named ‘lnheight’ which is the natural log of height
Type in lnheight in the ‘Target Variable’ box. Then type in ‘ln(height)’ in the ‘Numeric Expression’ box. Click OK
Click
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

33. Transforming data (cont’d)
A new variable ‘lnheight’ is added to the table
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

34. Practice 3
Create a new variable named “sqrtheight” which is the square root of height.
Answer
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

35. The basic analysis

36. The basic analysis of SPSS that will be introduced in this class
Frequencies
This analysis produces frequency tables showing frequency counts and percentages of the values of individual variables.
Descriptives
This analysis shows the maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation of the variables
Linear regression analysis
Linear Regression estimates the coefficients of the linear equation
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

37. Opening the sample data
Open ‘Employee data.sav’ from the SPSS
Go to “File,” “Open,” and Click Data
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

38. Opening the sample data
Go to Program Files,” “SPSSInc,” “SPSS17,” and “Samples” folder.
Open “Employee Data.sav” file
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

39. Frequencies
Click ‘Analyze,’ ‘Descriptive statistics,’ then click ‘Frequencies’
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

40. Frequencies Click gender and put it into the variable box.
Click ‘Charts.’
Then click ‘Bar charts’ and click ‘Continue.’
Click
Click
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

41. Frequencies Finally Click OK in the Frequencies box. Click
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

43. Practice 4 Do a frequency analysis on the variable “minority”
Create pie charts for it
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

45. Answer
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

46. Descriptives
Click ‘Analyze,’ ‘Descriptive statistics,’ then click ‘Descriptives…’
Click ‘Educational level’ and ‘Beginning Salary,’ and put it into the variable box.
Click Options
Click
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

47. Descriptives
The options allows you to analyze other descriptive statistics besides the mean and S.d.
Click ‘variance’ and ‘kurtosis’
Finally click ‘Continue’
Click
Click
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

48. Descriptives
Finally Click OK in the Descriptives box. You will be able to see the result of the analysis.
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

49. Regression Analysis
Click ‘Analyze,’ ‘Regression,’ then click ‘Linear’ from the main menu.
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

50. Regression Analysis For example let’s analyze the model
Put ‘Beginning Salary’ as Dependent and ‘Educational Level’ as Independent.
Click
Click
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

51. Regression Analysis Clicking OK gives the result 6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

52. Plotting the regression line
Click ‘Graphs,’ ‘Legacy Dialogs,’ ‘Interactive,’ and ‘Scatterplot’ from the main menu.
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

53. Plotting the regression line
Drag ‘Current Salary’ into the vertical axis box and ‘Beginning Salary’ in the horizontal axis box.
Click ‘Fit’ bar. Make sure the Method is regression in the Fit box. Then click ‘OK’.
Click
Set this to Regression!
6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

55. Practice 5
Find out whether or not the previous experience of workers has any affect on their beginning salary?
Take the variable “salbegin,” and “prevexp” as dependent and independent variables respectively.
Plot the regression line for the above analysis using the “scatter plot” menu.
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

56. Answer
Click
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

58. Click on the “fit” tab to make sure the method is regression
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

60. Getting data from Excel file NATIONAL INSURANCE\NATIONAL INSURANCE.sav
The first row in Excel sheet must contain names of the variables.
The data must begin from the second row.
After transferring data from Excel sheet to SPSS, the definitions must be written by going to variable view.
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BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

61. 6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI

62. THANK YOU ALL. mhdalvi@yahoo.com m :9969946117 6/17/2018 9:18 PM
BY DR. MADHUKAR H.DALVI