1. Evolution of Solutions Thermodynamics of mechanical alloying
& mechanical de-alloying

2. oxide dispersion strengthened metals
Mechanically alloyed
oxide dispersion strengthened metals

4. Fe-20Cr-5Al-0.5Ti-0.3 yttria wt%

6. Helical grains

8. Atom probe image of MA957

9. MA956

10. MA956

11. Binary solution

24. Entropy P
P / 2

27. For a random mixture, number of configurations given by:

28. Boltzmann

30. Classical theory for entropy of mixing

31. Solution-like behaviour when particles about 1000 atoms in size
Free energy of mixing due to configurational entropy alone

32. Enthalpy

33. Sv Surface per unit volume Solution formation impossible!
Particle size

34. coherent
coherent
incoherent

35. Single barrier to solution formation when components attract

36. Double barrier to solution formation when components immiscible

37. Barrier to solution formation

38. Barrier to solution formation, especially in rich solutions

39. m o B m o A
Paradox at concentration extremities vanishes in the discrete model of concentration
Gibbs free energy per mole A B
Concentration x of B

40. Molar Gibbs free energy
ferrite
cementite
Molar Gibbs free energy m o Fe Fe x x x a q
Concentration of carbon

42. Atom probe image of Scifer,
5.5 GPa steel wire

43. Scifer, 5.5 GPa with ductility!

44. Mechanical de-alloying a a¢ m Molar Gibbs free energy of ferrite Fe x
Concentration of carbon

45. Exceptional alloys of iron

47. Mechanical tempering

48. Mechanical tempering

49. Mechanical tempering