1. STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
THE AWARENESS OF SELF AND ENVIRONMENT

2. STUDYING THE BRAIN
John Watson (1913) encouraged his colleagues to study behavior of humans, NOT inner thoughts, feelings, & emotions (introspection)
advances in neuroscience & technology allowed study of consciousness to re-emerge in 2nd half of 20th Century  cognitive neuroscience

3. CONSCIOUS PROCESSING
CONSCIOUS AWARENESS  ability to voluntarily control our behavior & communicate our mental states to others
AKA: Waking Consciousness
State of awareness, wakefulness & alertness  consists of all sensations, perceptions, memories, & feelings you are aware of at any instant.

4. LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Preconscious
Subconscious
Unconscious
Nonconscious
slow & sequential – novel tasks require a great deal of it
info that’s easily conscious but not always available b/c not important
non-attended stimulation; gets registered without knowing it
huge mental storehouse; terrible urges & threatening memories are kept out
no need to think (breathe, heartbeat)

5. MEMORIES EASILY RECOVERED
PRECONSCIOUS LEVEL
MEMORIES EASILY RECOVERED
TURN TO PG. 9 IN YOUR NOTEBOOK
NONCONSCIOUS LEVEL
BREATHING
HEARTRATE

6. WHY IS DAYDREAMING GOOD?
Video 
WHY IS DAYDREAMING GOOD?
not as dramatic or escapist as some believe  it’s healthy, you’re supposed to!
Daydreaming: mild form of consciousness  attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies & away from immediate situation; a substitute for impulsivity
imagining or rehearsing upcoming or previous actions allows us to think about what we need to do

7. BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM: bodily patterns that repeat every 24 hrs.
Sleep/wake habits
Eating
Digestive movements
Can be interrupted (e.g. jet lag)

8. Video 

9. PURPOSE OF SLEEP
1. preservation & protection – animals, hunter-gatherers
2. restoration – restore depleted resources & dissipate accumulated waste, repair tissues, consolidate memories
3. growth process – pituitary gland releases growth hormone (older  less sleep)

10. STAGES OF SLEEP 90-100 minutes cycle
Stage 1: transitional – easily woken, some hallucinations
Stage 2: periodic appearance of spindles (bursts of rapid rhythmic brain activity), clearly asleep, spend MOST TIME asleep in this stage; sleeptalk
Stage 3: 20-50% delta waves; 3+4 = Slow Wave Sleep
Stage 4: 50% + delta waves, difficult to wake, sleep walking, night tremors, bedwetting, (older  stage 4 diminishes)

11. REM REM (Rapid Eye Movement)  eyes move, vivid dreams occur
(emotional & story-like too)
heart rate rises, breathing rapid & irregular, genital arousal, brainstem blocks messages of motor cortex
muscle relaxation, not easily wakened
Paradoxical Sleep – internally aroused, externally calm

13. ORDER OF SLEEP CYCLE
Round 1: stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4, stage 3, stage 2, REM, stage 1
Remainder of sleep time: stage 1, REM, stage 2, REM, stage 3, REM, stage 4, REM, stage 3, REM…etc.
Stages 1, 2, 3, 4 are known as N-REM or non- REM

16. SLEEP DEPRIVATION Is a biological need, but won’t kill you directly
Other associated problems can be lethal:
Fatigue
Weakened immune system
Mood swings
Hormonal fluctuations
Obesity
Memory impairment
Hallucinations