1. Outcome: Geography & Early Republic
Ancient Rome
& The Origin of Christianity
Outcome: Geography & Early Republic

2. Constructive Response Question
Who were the earliest Romans and how did each contribute to the founding of Rome?
Compare and contrast the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire using specific examples:
What contributions did the Romans make to the cultural advancement of the world?

3. What will we learn? Origin & Geography of Rome
The Earliest Romans (Latins, Greeks, & Etruscans)
Early Roman Culture (The Roman Republic)
The Punic Wars (Rome vs. Carthage)

4. WARM UP – September 27
Grab the guided notes and handout off the front table
Find your name on the index cards on the desks
Review for your quiz

5. QUIZ REVIEW The Ancient Athenians are credited with:
(A) inventing and using the wheel
(B) eliminating slavery
(C) establishing governments that had democratic elements
(D) inventing the printing press

6. 2. The Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta:
(A) Was primarily concerned with the health of their people
(B) Was a powerful military state
(C) Granted universal suffrage to their people
(D) Placed great emphasis on literature and the arts

7. 3. Which statement most likely represents the view of a citizen of ancient Athens visiting Sparta?
(A) I've never been in a place where they worship one god
(B) Sparta is so strict, people have little say in society
(C) This society allows more freedom of expression
(D) It is like I never left home

8. 4. What was one effect of Alexander the Great's conquests?
(A) Decreased importance of the Silk Roads
(B) Formation of the Christian church
(C) Increased support of the Mayan leaders (D) Expansion of Hellenistic culture

9. 5. An important factor that prevented the ancient Greek city-states from uniting to form a single nation was the
(A) Lack of a common language
(B) Size of the desert regions
(C) Mountainous topography of the region
(D) Cold, hostile climate

10. 6. Which organization did the ancient Greeks form in order to protect themselves against foreign invasions after the Persian War?
(A) The Peloponnesian League
(B) The Republic
(C) Sparta
(D) The Delian League

11. 7. The Peloponnesian War was fought between:
(A) Two groups of Greek adversaries under the leadership of Athens and Sparta
(B) Thebes and Corinth
(C) Anatolian Greeks and peninsular Greeks
(D) The Persian Empire and Athens

12. 8. Which philosopher wrote about what he felt would be the perfect society in The Republic?
(A) Socrates
(B) Plato
(C) Aristotle
(D) Pericles

13. 9. Which of the following was NOT one of Pericles goals as leader of Athens:
(A) Glorify Athens
(B) Strengthen democracy
(C) Strengthen the empire of Greece
(D) Defeat Persia in the Persian Wars and expand Greece’s influence

14. 10. If you were to walk around school asking students questions in order to find out what students thought about education, you would be using the:
(A) Scientific method
(B) Socratic method
(C) Aristotle’s philosophical method of arguing
(D) Polis method

15. 11. One major difference between a direct democracy and a representative democracy is in a representative democracy:
(A) Citizens vote directly for laws
(B) Citizens vote for a president to make laws
(C) Citizens vote for representatives to make laws
(D) Male citizens directly make laws

16. 12. One way that Pericles attempted to glorify Athens was: (A) By conquering Sparta
(B) By conquering Persia
(C) By building a temple called the Parthenon
(D) By spreading Hellenistic culture

17. 13. One of the primary reasons for Athens’ defeat in the Peloponnesian War was: (A) Athens strong army could not defeat Sparta’s strong navy
(B) A plague destroyed most of Athens’ population including their leader Pericles
(C) Sparta was located near water making it hard to defeat
(D) Athens’ military was struggling to recover following the long Persian Wars

18. 14. Which of the following was the initial reason that Phillip II invaded Greece? (A) He wanted to conquer Greece
(B) He wanted to destroy Greece
(C) He wanted to be accepted by Greece and be a part of it
(D) He wanted to spread Macedonian culture

19. 15. The period from 477 to 431 BC where Athens experienced a growth in intellectual and artistic learning is known as Athens’: (A) Golden Age
(B) Empire
(C) Agora
(D) Parthenon

20. 16. Greek play that contains slapstick situations and humor often making fun of politicians and respected people
17. Greek play that contains serious drama about common themes such as
love, hate, war, and betrayal
18. Rule by one person, usually a king
19. Rule by a few powerful people

21. 20. Form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives
21. Leader of Athens during the Persian Wars that decided to fight the Persians at sea
22. Civilization located north of Greece led by Phillip II

22. 23. Alexander the Great’s culture that combined elements of Egyptian, Greek, and Indian influences
24. Rectangle military formation where men are lined up shoulder to shoulder; used by Phillip II and Alexander the Great
25. Term that means “lovers of wisdom”

23. Geography & Early Republic
Setting the Stage
With the defeat of the Persians by Alexander and the eventual decline of the Greek Civilization, power would eventually shift west towards the Italian peninsula
The Romans would build an amazing empire filled with many different cultures and help spawn a brand new religion: Christianity

24. Geography & Early Republic
Origins of Rome
Legend says that twins Romulus and Remus were abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by a she-wolf
Later the two boys decided to build a city
Eventually Romulus kills Remus & city of Rome is named after Romulus

25. Geography & Early Republic
Rome was built on 7 rolling hills of Tiber River
Located on Italian Peninsula (Italy)
Bordered by Adriatic Sea to the east
Near midpoint of Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Climate: warm year round- encouraged outdoor activities

26. Geography & Early Republic
The First Romans
Three groups settled on Italian Peninsula from B.C.
The Latins
Built original settlement of wooden huts
Considered to be the first Romans
Helped spread Latin derived languages to the area

27. Geography & Early Republic
The Greeks
Moved north into Italy during decline of Hellenistic Culture
Settled in Southern Italy and Sicily
Brought all of Italy, including Rome, into contact with the Greek civilization
Brought architecture, democracy, and philosophy

28. Geography & Early Republic
The Etruscans
Skilled metal workers native to northern Italy
Strongly influenced Roman civilization
Influenced Roman arch
Influenced Roman lust for killing (ex. Gladiator battles)

29. WARM UP/REVIEW – 9/24 ANCIENT ROME REVIEW
1. Describe the geography of Rome, how was it similar to Greece?
2. How did the Latins and Greeks influence Roman culture?

31. Geography & Early Republic
*Early Rome
* Early Etruscan kings and successors built temples and public centers in Rome
* The Forum was the heart of the Roman political life
* Romans established a republic, which meant “public affairs”
* A republic is a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders
* In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born male citizens

32. The Roman Forum

33. Roman Forum Ruins

34. Geography & Early Republic
People of Rome
* Rome was divided up into several different groups who struggled for power
* Patricians: wealthy landowners who held most of the power
* Plebeians: the common farmers, artisans, and merchants; majority of population

35. Geography & Early Republic
* Tribunes: elected representatives who protected the rights of the plebeians from patrician officials

36. Geography & Early Republic
* Consuls: two officials with limited power and one year terms; one controlled the army the other directed the government
* Dictator: in times of crisis, the republic could appoint a leader with absolute power to make laws and control the army; power lasted for 6 months
* Legions: military units made up of 5,000 soldiers

38. Geography & Early Republic
Roman Power Expands
* Steadily the Romans conquered the Italian Peninsula
* As Rome conquered lands, people were absorbed into their ever growing territory
* Some people were accepted as citizens, others simply became allies
* Rome went to war against Carthage; a powerful city in North Africa
* The struggle became known as the Punic Wars ( B.C.)

39. The Punic Wars

40. Geography & Early Republic
Carthage was led by a brilliant general named Hannibal
Hannibal assembled an army of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants intent on capturing Rome
He led his troops up through Spain and crossed the Alps into Italy

41. Hannibal Crossing the Alps

43. Geography & Early Republic
The Romans regrouped and prevented Hannibal from sacking Rome
Rome defeated Hannibal in 202 B.C. near Zama
Rome eventually defeated Carthage in the third Punic War extending its power across the Mediterranean Sea

44. Geography & Early Republic
Rome’s territory and power would only get bigger and stronger…

45. Constructive Response Question
Who were the earliest Romans and how did each contribute to the founding of Rome?
Compare and contrast the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire using specific examples:
What contributions did the Romans make to the cultural advancement of the world?