1. The Renaissance & its spread:
Renaissance means “rebirth” –
From 1350 to 1500, there was a heightened interest in ideas & learning.
This movement had its start in ITALY.

2. Key philosophical ideals of the Renaissance:
Live & learn for the here & now - NOT just the afterlife. The broader the base of learning – the better the life.
Individual achievement was okay – NOT sinful.

3. 2 things help the Renaissance spread:
an intellectual movement called: HUMANISM.
A focus on worldly issues rather than religious ones.
Use the wisdom of the Greeks & Romans to understand the present.
The “Humanities” – grammar, rhetoric, poetry & history.

4. Humanists were very concerned with:
living a MEANINGFUL life
understanding how everything works.

5. 2nd thing that helps it spread:
1450’s – Johann Guttenberg’s invention:
- the MOVEABLE TYPE !!!
Result – MASS PRODUCED BOOKS
- 1ST best seller - _________________
– 20 mil. copies
– 200 mil.

6. Why the Italian beginnings?:
Roman ruins there:
- architecture
- sculptures
- inscriptions
2) Its cities survive the Middle Ages.
* a rich merchant class supports the arts
** Florence is the center of activity. Many PATRONS there.

7. Key people in the arts: Wealthy patrons: - the Medici’s - Popes
- Princes

8. Leonardo daVinci: Brilliant thinker Dissected corpses
Used math to “scale” paintings
Scetched flying machines & subs
Famous painting - Mona Lisa

9. Michelangelo: Well rounded thinker like daVinci
Sculptures – Pieta, Moses
Painting – Sistine chapel ( 4 years)

10. Rafael:
School of Athens
The Madonna

11. Biggest changes in ART:
Realism
Color
perspective

12. Writing – Machiavelli: *wrote of power & politics
1513 – wrote “The Prince”
- ends justify the means
- instill fear in subjects

13. The Renaissance moves North:
Reasons the movement happened 100 yrs. later in Northern Europe:
North had NOT recovered yet from the Plague.
Economy grew more slowly – fewer PATRONS.

14. Northern Art & Artists:
What was the difference in Italian & Flemish paintings?
- realism – similar
- perspective – similar
* color – much more vivid - OIL paint
Also, in sculptures & paintings, subjects were depicted in a much more REAL style – not the perfect bodies of Italian art.

15. Northern writers: Erasmus: 1466 – 1536
Studied Christianity as well as Greece & Rome.
One of 1st to criticize the Church:
- too ceremonial
- too interested in $

16. Sir Thomas More: Wrote “Utopia”: - gov’t & private property were BAD
* everyone will work
* everyone shares
* get rid of crime NOT the criminal
* there would be NO poor people
Henry VIII has him executed.

17. Perspective: