1. From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
Date of download: 10/25/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 2017;139(5): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Overview over bag models used in the experiments. Each bag model was tested with both an inflated and a deflated states. The deflated state had a filling level corresponding to 70% of the theoretical bag volume (the theoretical volume is the volume given in the figure), while the inflated state had a filling level slightly more than the theoretical volume (100%+). The floater cross section is circular with a diameter of 2.4 cm, and for the deflated states the floater is approximately 10% submerged and 50% submerged for the inflated states. This means that the freeboard of the floater is approximately 2.1 cm (deflated states) and 1.2 cm (inflated states). It is assumed that these models are 1:30 representations of full-scale bags (in full scale, the diameter of the floater is 22.9 m with a circumference of 72 m, and the displace volume for the spherical bag is m3). The expansion of the bag fabric over the free surface (as seen on the top view) does not represent a structural part and is purely due to experimental practicalities. By closing of the free surface water is prevented from entering or leaving the volume in the most severe wave cases. This is practical since it is important to have control of the amount of water inside the bag. Even though the fabric in the model experiments maintain the integrity of the model bag, it is easily observed when the integrity of the bag would have been challenged if the surface fabric was not present.

2. From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
Date of download: 10/25/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 2017;139(5): doi: /
Figure Legend:
The towing tank facilities at the United States Naval Academy. The tank is equipped with a hinged wave maker and a wave absorbing beach.

3. From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
Date of download: 10/25/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 2017;139(5): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Overview of the experimental setup. A schematic drawing with details is shown in Fig.4.

4. From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
Date of download: 10/25/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 2017;139(5): doi: /
Figure Legend:
A schematic drawing of the experimental setup

5. From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
Date of download: 10/25/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 2017;139(5): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Overview over combinations of models, filling levels, and wave cases that were run. The wave cases are identified by wave the nondimensional parameters wave steepness (s) and wave length normalized with respect to bag diameter (L/D). The areas indicated with the dashed and dotted lines are the model/wave combinations that are used in the analysis of the dynamic response.

6. From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
Date of download: 10/25/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 2017;139(5): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Integrity of the bags at different wave cases. Integrity is understood as the ability to prevent any water exchange between the volume inside the closed bag and the outside water volume. The integrity of the bags in each case was established through visual observations of whether or not water could enter or leave the bag over the rim of the floater.

7. From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
Date of download: 10/25/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 2017;139(5): doi: /
Figure Legend:
First harmonic RAO for the cases with wave steepness 1/30 (dotted area in Fig. 5). Four different response modes are shown; heave front, heave back, surge global, and flexible mode I. RAO is calculated as the square of the ration between the energy in the response mode and the energy in the wave. The energy is calculated fromthe PSD by integrating the PSD in the frequency area f = [0.9f1stharmonic, 1.1 f1stharmonic], thus isolating the energy in the first harmonic peak.

8. From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
Date of download: 10/25/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 2017;139(5): doi: /
Figure Legend:
First harmonic RAO for the spherical bag (dashed area in Fig. 5). The calculation of RAO is explained in the caption of Fig. 7.

9. From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
Date of download: 10/25/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Wave Response of Closed Flexible Bags
J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 2017;139(5): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Mean wave drift force. The force is given as a percent of the displace volume (100%+ inflated state) times ρ g (water density and the acceleration of gravity). The mean wave drift force is calculated from the mean surge displacement (x-direction) using the spring constant of the mooring lines along the x-axis. The contribution from the mooring along the y-axis to the force in x-direction is neglected. This is justified by the mean displacement in surge being less than 10 cm, and for such a displacement, the force contribution from the y-direction mooring lines is less than 10% of the force in the x-direction mooring lines.