1. Interventions Strategies for Struggling Readers
LEADERS IN LITERACY CONFERENCE
Interventions Strategies for Struggling Readers
Aiken County Public School District
January 13, 2017
Esther Blake Chukker Creek Elementary
Joy Jackson Mosca Greendale Elementary
Esther
Check the pulse. How do you feel about teaching struggling readers? Rate 1 through 4. Using fingers on their chest.

2. The Conference Schedule
Arrival and Networking: 7:30-8:20 a.m.
60 minute blocks
90 minute blocks
Session 1
8:30-9:30
8:30-10:00
Session 2
9:40-10:40
10:15-11:45
Session 3
10:50-11:50
LUNCH
11:45-12:55
11:50-12:55
1:00-2:30
Session 4
1:00-2:00
2:40-4:10
Session 5
2:10-3:10
Session 6
3:15-4:15
aiken county public school district

3. Conference Procedures: Day of the Conference
This year we have a new sign-in procedure!
Prior to the conference all ACPSD certified employees will receive a barcode card and barcode key card
A volunteer will be at each session room and will use an app to scan the bar code of attendees
All attendees will have to be scanned at every session they attend in order to receive renewal credits for conference attendance
aiken county public school district

4. Conference Feedback & Prizes!
Surveys for participants and presenters will be shared after the conference
Drawings will be held the Tuesday after the conference for one of the four Microsoft goody bags.
Winners will receive an notification and goody bags will be delivered 1/20/17.
aiken county public school district

5. Essential Question
How can we accelerate achievement of struggling readers in the areas of:
Phonological Awareness
Phonics
Fluency
Comprehension
Vocabulary
Esther
aiken county public school district

6. Presenters Meeting Outcomes
As a result of attending this session, particpants will be able to:
Implement strategies and methods to increase reading achievement of struggling readers.
Esther
aiken county public school district

7. Why do they struggle?
There are many different theories of why certain student struggle to learn to read.
The are four common causes for underachievement in reading according to Linda Campbell Ph.D. and Crystal Kelly MA.Ed., authors of Helping Struggling Readers:
1.Reading role models and life experiences
2. Acquisitions of reading skills, specifically phonics and
comprehension
3. Visual Processing
4. Learning disabilities
Esther
aiken county public school district

8. What are the essential skills for reading success?
The Fab 5
Phonological Awareness
Phonics
Fluency
Comprehension
Vocabulary
Esther
aiken county public school district

9. Phonological Awareness
Phonological awareness is one’s sensitivity to, or awareness of the phonological structure of words. This is considered an “umbrella” term which encompasses many aspects of sound identification and manipulation of language. Intervention strategies can be applied at any stage of the skill process.
Esther
aiken county public school district

10. Phonological Awareness
In Kindergarten and first grade, phonological awareness can be examined by looking at six critical skills: rhyme, alliteration, sentence segmentation, syllables, onset and rimes, and phonemes.
In second and third grade, phonological awareness is separated into phoneme matching, phoneme isolating, phoneme blending, phoneme segmenting, and phoneme manipulating.
Esther
aiken county public school district

11. What are the necessary skills for kindergarten and first grade?
Rhyme is words that are similar in sound, especially with respect to the last syllable; “hat and cat rhyme”.
Alliteration is repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables (as wild and wooly).
Sentence segmentation is breaking down sentences into individual words.
Syllables are units of spoken language.
Onset is the part of the syllable that precedes the vowel of the syllable and Rime is the art of a syllable which consists of its vowel and any consonant sounds that come after it.
Phonemes are the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language.
Esther
aiken county public school district

12. K-1 Phonological Awareness-Rhyme
Mystery Objects Place several small objects in a covered basket. The teacher reaches into the basket and says, “It starts with /f/ and rhymes with ‘dish.’ The children raise their hands when they know what the mystery object is. The teacher continues to pull mystery objects out and give rhyming clues. As the children become more experienced, they may be able to give the clues to their peers. - hat (cat) - bear (hair) - mug (rug) - soap (rope) - key (bee) - candle (handle) - pen (hen) - frog (dog) Active Reading Read stories with rhymes. Talk about the rhyming words and how they sound the same. Mention that they rhyme because the ends of the words sound the same. Recite the rhymes yourself, leaving off the rhyming word. Have the children fill in the missing word. - For a list of books, go to:
Esther –Mystery Objects
Joy- Active Reading
aiken county public school district

13. K-1 Phonological Awareness- Alliteration
Tongue Twisters
1. At a listening center, students listen to taped tongue twisters.
2. After listening to one sentence, the student pauses that tape and
repeats the sentence to a partner, who then repeats it back to
them.
3. Students continue to practice saying sentences that uses
alliteration.
Joy -Handout Tongue Twisters
Practice Tongue Twisters with Teachers from handout. They can pair up with an elbow partner
aiken county public school district

14. Phonological Awareness-Sentence Segmentation
Crinkle Creepers
In this activity, students are segmenting sentences into individual words. First, students count the number of words in a sentence that is printed on a sentence strip.
After counting students fold the paper in half and put it into a cup with the corresponding number of words labeled on the front.
The boy ran home Mom and Dad ate pizza.
Esther
aiken county public school district

15. Phonological Awareness -Syllables
Syllable Hopscotch
Create a hopscotch board on the floor.
Students select a picture card, says the word pictured, segments the word, and then counts the number of syllables by tapping their fingers.
Students then hop the corresponding number of syllables on the hopscotch board.
Di-no-saur Hop 3
Esther
aiken county public school district

16. Onset and Rime Slide
Students make words using a variety of onsets and a sliding rime strip.
1. Provide the student with Onset and Rime Slides and a student sheet.
2. The student selects an Onset and Rime Slide. Reads the rime (e.g., /ag/). Slides the rime until the first onset can be seen through the window. Reads the onset and rime, blends them, and says the word (e.g., "/b//ag/, bag").
3. Determines if the word is a real or nonsense word and records it in the appropriate column on the student sheet.
4. Continues until all words are recorded.
5. Teacher evaluation
Esther- Show different word family slides
aiken county public school district

17. Phonemes
Night Lights
Using inexpensive night lights is a great way to help children learn to say sounds in words. Line up the night lights and say a word. Have your child say the sounds in the word as they turn the lights on. Repeat this process with the same word, but have your child say the sounds while they turn off the night lights. (It's always a good idea to teach your child to work from left to right! This typically is best to do in the small group setting when working on 1-4 phoneme words). You can also use elkonin boxes.
Esther
Pick a teacher to demonstrate the lights.
aiken county public school district

18. Phonics
In Kindergarten and first grade, phonics includes six critical skills: letter-recognition, letter-sound correspondence, onset and rime, word study, syllable patterns, morpheme structures.
In second and third grade, phonics is separated into letter-sound correspondence, high frequency words, variant correspondences, syllable patterns, and morpheme structures.
Esther
aiken county public school district

19. What are the necessary skills for K , 1st and 2nd?
Letter-recognition is the identification of individual letters by name and/or sound in a variety of contexts.
Letter-sound correspondence is making a connection between individual letters and the sounds the represent. (graphophonics)
High frequency words are the most commonly used words in reading and writing.
Onset is the part of the syllable that precedes the vowel of the syllable and rime is the part of a syllable which consists of its vowel and any consonant sounds that come after it.
Word study is the process of using strategies to figure out or decode unfamiliar words.
Variant correspondence are letters that have multiple sounds that can be represented by that letter
Syllable patterns are common or repeated units of speech.
Morpheme structures are the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language.
Esther
aiken county public school district

20. What are the necessary skills for K , 1st and 2nd?
Word study is the process of using strategies to figure out or decode unfamiliar words.
Students will be engaged in word play.
Use flashcards in a variety of ways
Play Wordo (Just like bingo)
Whole-Part-Whole –Use a big book
Guess the covered word- Using cueing systems (Handout)
Esther – flashcard / Wordo
Joy – Whole –Part-Whole
Guess the word
aiken county public school district

21. Fluency
Fluency is the ability to read text quickly, accurately, and with appropriate expression.
This stage is seen as the bridge between word recognition and comprehension.
Joy- Fluency Handout
aiken county public school district

22. Fluency
In kindergarten and first grade, there are four critical skills in developing fluency: letter recognition, letter-sound correspondence, high frequency words, and oral reading
In second grade, there are six skills that contribute to fluency: letter sound correspondence, word parts, words, phrases, chunked text, and connected text.
Joy
aiken county public school district

23. What are the necessary skills in K, 1st, and 2nd?
Letter-recognition is the identification of individual letter by name and/or sound in a variety of contexts.
Letter-sound correspondence is making a connection between individual letters and the sounds they represent (graphophonics).
Word parts are common non-word syllables patterns as well as affixes.
Words are high frequency words as well as word families.
Phrasing is reading text naturally, pausing appropriately with intonation.
Chunked text is text broken into natural groups of words.
Connected text is reading text in a smooth, connected way.
High frequency words are the most commonly used words in reading and writing.
Oral reading is students reading a selection aloud.
Joy
aiken county public school district

24. Fluency Reader’s theatre Books series- You Read to Me-I’ll Read to You
Fluency scale for Assessing Fluency
Familiar re-reading of books (book bags, book baskets, etc..)
Esther- Reader’s Theatre - puppets
Joy –Books- You Read to Me-I’ll Read to You / Let teachers practice using them
Fluency Scale
Familiar re-reading of books
Scoring Fluency Key- Handout
aiken county public school district

25. Students Can Monitor Their Fluency
Joy
aiken county public school district

26. Comprehension
Comprehension is the skill necessary to understand and extract meaning from written and spoken language. The goal of comprehension strategies is for students to be able to better understand text that they read on their own.
Joy
aiken county public school district

27. Factors That Effect Reading Comprehension
motivation/purpose/goals/engagement
vocabulary/word knowledge/background knowledge
automaticity of decoding
fluent reading
understanding and use of strategies employed by effective readers
the nature of the text itself (difficulty and interest)
the type or genre of text (e.g., fiction, nonfiction, poetry)
the amount of reading done
Joy
aiken county public school district

28. Effective Reading Practices for Developing Reading Comprehension
A review of the research conducted over 30 years established that the following three features of instruction consistently promote comprehension: • reading / Eyes on Text “real reading” • explicit strategy instruction / scaffolding (Mini-Lesson) • talk / oral discourse / conversation (Student Engagement)
Joy
aiken county public school district

29. Effective Strategy Instruction (Step by Step in Mini-Lesson)
Explicitly describe the strategy and when to use it
Model the strategy in action
Involve children in collaborative use to the strategy
Lead guided practice using the strategy
Provide independent practice using the strategy
Joy – Predictable Mini Lesson Handout
aiken county public school district

30. Effective Strategies to Improve Comprehension
Monitor Comprehension
Using Mental Imagery/Visualization
Visual Representations of Text / graphic organizers and semantic organizers
Making Use of Prior Knowledge / Predicting
Summarizing / Retelling
Using Text Structure
Generating Questions
Answering Questions
Joy- Reading Rubric –Fake Reading/Real Reading Handouts
BME Graphic Organizers Handouts
aiken county public school district

31. Example of Interactive Read Aloud Graphic Organizer / Anchor Chart
Joy
aiken county public school district

32. Student Sample
Joy
aiken county public school district

33. Student Sample
Joy
aiken county public school district

34. I Can Statement
Joy
aiken county public school district

35. Here are some fix-up strategies.
Students Need to Use Fix-Up Strategies When What They are Reading Does Not Make Sense
Here are some fix-up strategies.
Reread
Read Ahead
Figure Out Unknown Words
Slow Down / Occasionally Speed Up
Reread Out Loud
Make a Mental Image
Recall the Purpose for Reading
Use Pictures, Graphs, Charts
Ask questions and Look for Answers
Think About What Has Been Read So Far
Discuss the Confusing Part with a Friend
Ask for Help
Joy- Read the slide
Esther- Sticky Note bookmarks Handouts
aiken county public school district

36. Enhancing Comprehension Instruction
Think Thematically
Author Studies
Topic Studies / Books on a Variety of Levels
Reading in a Series
Text of Various Lengths
A Few Graphic Organizers That Work for You
Sticky Notes
Highlighter Tape
Highlighters
White Board, Markers, Erasers
Anchor Charts
Response Journals
Joy –Everything else Handout Sentence Frames
Esther Websites/Author study posters
aiken county public school district

37. Teaching and Assessing Comprehension
Formative Comprehension Assessments can happen during an Independent Reading Conference.
Thinking Within the Text
Thinking Beyond the Text
Thinking About the Text
Great resource for this is The Fountas and Pinnell Literacy Continuum
Joy- Teaching Theme and MSV Handouts
Reading Comprehension Handout
Another Great resource Reading Strategies/ Pass out books for teachers to look
Do Check the Pulse again
aiken county public school district

38. Analyzing Reading Behaviors / Cueing Systems
Joy
aiken county public school district

39. Vocabulary
Vocabulary is often examined as oral or reading vocabulary. This refers to a student’s ability to find the meaning and pronunciation of a word necessary for communication.
According to Michael Graves (2000), there are four components of an effective vocabulary program:
wide or extensive independent reading to expand word knowledge
instruction in specific words to enhance comprehension of texts containing those words
instruction in independent word-learning strategies, and
word consciousness and word-play activities to motivate and enhance learning
Joy
aiken county public school district

40. Strategies for Teaching Vocabulary
Tiers of Vocabulary
Joy- Tiers of Vocabulary Handout
aiken county public school district

41. Rate a Vocabulary Word
1 = I have never heard this word before. I do not know it at all.
2 = I have heard this word, but I do not know what it means.
3 = I have heard this word and know what it means, but I am not sure how to use it in a sentence.
4 = I have heard this word, I know what it means and I can use it in a sentence.
Joy – Handout Rate Your Vocabulary
aiken county public school district

42. Books to Teach Vocabulary
 Fancy Nancy Series
Martin’s Big Words
Ain’t Going to Paint No More
The Recess Queen
Giraffes Can’t Dance
Skippyjon Jones
Joy
aiken county public school district

43. Questions?
questions to
Thank you for giving your time, energy, and expertise to make the Leaders in Literacy Conference a wonderful collegial learning experience for all!
aiken county public school district