1. Bellringer What are the 3 G’s of Exploration?
What was the significance of Dias’s voyage?
What was the significance of Da Gama’s voyage?
Why did China stay isolated?
Why did Japan institute the closed country policy?

2. Ch. 4, Section 1: Spain Builds an American Empire

3. Thought….
Think of at least 3 examples of Spanish influence in America.

4. The Voyages of Columbus
1492 – Columbus sails west to reach Asia
Thought he reached the East Indies
Actually the Bahamas
Mistakenly calls the natives “Indians”
Claimed the islands for Spain
Will make 3 more voyages to the Americas
Spanish monarchs turn the islands into colonies
Colonies = lands controlled by another nation

5. Other Explorers Take to the Seas
Pedro Alvares Cabral
Claims Brazil for Portugal in 1500
Portuguese build giant sugar plantations ($$$)
Amerigo Vespucci
Realized America is not Asia but a “new world”
North & South America are named for him
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Explored Panama
First European to see the Pacific Ocean

6. Other Explorers Take to the Seas (cont.)
Ferdinand Magellan
Sailed around S. America
Named the Pacific Ocean
Pacific = “peaceful”
Claims Philippines for Spain
Killed in a local war
His crew were 1st to circumnavigate the world
Circumnavigate = sail around

7. Spanish Conquests in Mexico
Conquistadors = “conquerors”; Spanish explorers looking to claim new lands for Spain
Lured by rumors of gold
Hernando Cortes
Conquered Aztecs in Mexico
Montezuma believed Cortes was a god wearing armor
Governor Velasquez became concerned that Cortes'
expedition was becoming larger than was originally
planned. Velasquez decided to relieve Cortes of his
command, but Cortes' brother-in-law killed the
messenger carrying the governor's orders.

8. Cortes' Expedition Force included:
11 ships, with about 100 sailors.
530 soldiers, including 30 crossbowmen and 12 with arquebusses.
A doctor, and several carpenters.
At least eight women.
a few hundred Cuban Indian servants and some African freedmen and slaves
A Mayan Indian previously captured in the Yucatan,
Ten large cannons, four small field guns, many savage war dogs, and

9. Spanish Conquests in Mexico
Why was Cortes successful?
Spanish had superior weapons
Arrows vs. muskets,canons
Some natives resented the Aztecs
Human Sacrifice
The invisible warrior  Disease
Measles, Mumps, Smallpox, and Typhus

10. Spanish Conquests in Peru
Francisco Pizzaro
Conquers Incan Empire
Kidnapped Atahulualpa, the Incan king and held him for ransom
After Incas paid the ransom, the Spanish killed Atahulualpa
Pizarro took the capital, Cuzco, without a fight

11. Spanish Conquests in Peru
After Incas paid the ransom, the Spanish killed Atahulualpa
Largest ransom ever paid
$1,282,311,000

12. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
Didn’t just conquer people but lived among them
Results in a large mestizo population
Mestizo = people of Spanish AND Native American descent
Encomienda System
Spain gives settlers land in the new world as well as rights to native labor
Settlers must promise to respect native workers
Most abused the natives and worked them to death

13. Conquistadors in the North
Ponce de Leon
Claimed Florida for Spain
Coronado
Explored Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas
Didn’t find gold, so priests were sent to settle area
Santa Fe becomes capital for headquarters for Catholic missionaries

14. Opposition to Spanish Rule
Rebellions occurred
Spanish priests spread Chrisitianity in N. America
Harsh methods burned sacred objects, banned rituals
Priests also pushed for better treatment of Native Americans
Criticized encomienda system
Bartolome de Las Casas  Monk and harshest critic; suggested using Africans instead