1. A Future Oriented Data Platform for the Electric Power Grids
Tao Xia
Chicago, IL 10/13/2015

2. What data are there to run power grids?
EMS
DFR
Weather
Lightning
DMS
OLCM
Work Order Management
GIS
PMU
Fault
Network Connectivity
Construction Plans
LIMS
Field Testing
One Line
OMS
Lab Results
Inspections
Circuit Description
Line Impedance
EQ Nameplate
EQ Failure Record
EQ Ratings
Load Forecast
NMS
TRS
Short Circuit
Relay Settings
AMI
MDM
SAP …

3. Data Categories EMS AMI OLCM Lightning DMS MDM GIS Weather PMU
Work Order Management
Construction Plans
Load Forecast
LIMS
Field Testing
Network Connectivity
DFR
Lab Results
Inspections
Line Impedance
Fault
MDM – Meter Data Management
TRS – Trouble Response System
NMS – Network Management System (Distribution)
OMS – Outage Management System
EQ Nameplate
EQ Failure Record
Circuit Description
Short Circuit
EQ Ratings
SAP
One Line
Relay Settings
NMS
TRS
OMS …

4. Power Grid Network Data
Operations Model Data
Planning Model Data
System Protection
Model Data
Dynamics Simulation Data
Market Model Data
Asset Model Data

5. Data Challenges - Variety
Gas Concentration
Bushing Power Factor
Bushing Partial Discharge
LTC Compartment DGA
LTC Conditions
LTC Operations Counter
LTC Vacuum Bottle Integrity
Transformer Ageing
Conservator Tank Conditions
Ambient Temperature
Harmonics
Through Faults
Transients
Transformer Nameplate
Maintenance
SFRA
Electrical Tests (TTR, Leakage Reactance, Exciting Current) ……
Transformer Load
Transformer Voltages
Cooling Fans/Pumps Status
Oil Temperatures
Winding Hotspot Temperatures
Hydrogen/Moisture Content
Partial Discharge

6. Data Challenges - Volume
Most customers had their meter read 12 times per year or once a month. Early AMR (Advanced Meter Read) systems were designed to bring a kWh read once a month for the purpose of providing the utility customer a bill. Today, 15-minute read intervals are what is expected of an AMI/AMR (Advanced Meter Infrastructure/Advanced Meter Read) which is 96 meter reads per day per meter or approximately 2880 reads per month (30 day month) per meter. This equals an increase of 287,900% in just kWh data.

7. Data Challenges - Velocity
In the conventional SCADA data collection system, the measurements are being reported every 2~5 seconds. The PDCs (Phasor Data Concentrator) are receiving data from PMUs at a rate of 30~60 reports/second. There is almost a 2 orders of magnitude data velocity increase, posing a real issue in terms of collecting, storing and processing this type of high-speed data.

8. What are the concrete data issues?
Data Silos
No semantics layer on top of the data
Lack of cross system integration
Not all relevant data is shared
Difficult to share data and models
Excessive time used to validating data/models, not running studies
Data accuracy and inconsistency
Common data not in sync and up to date
Impossible to propagate data change to all pertinent data destinations

9. Drivers for a Future Oriented Data Platform
The goal of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) for an electric grid:
“adaptable, secure, reliable, resilient, and can accommodate changing loads, generation technologies, and operating business models”.
Challenges:
“widespread deployment of renewable generation, smart grid controls, energy storage, plug-in hybrids, and new conducting materials ”.
A future oriented data platform:
“be able to integrate huge amount of data from a large number of sources and a diverse set of applications and must be scalable to support a high volume of various sensors installed across the grid and still provide real time guarantees. ”

10. Key features of a future oriented data platform

11. Dominion’s Data Strategy

12. Integrated Platform

13. Network Model Integration

14. Advanced Visualization – Unified Data and Graphics

15. Benefits – Operational Applications

16. Benefits – Big Data Analytics
Adaptive Topology Planning
Advanced/Predicative Restoration Systems
Electrical Network Validation
Fault Induced Relayed Voltage Recovery
Forward Analysis (granular 60 minute look ahead)
GIC, Solar, EM Disturbance Response
Islanding Detection and Management
Look-ahead Simulation
System Dynamics and Transient Modeling Validation
Multi-resolution Frequency Analysis
Optimized Power Flow
Oscillation Detection
Post-trip Fault Analysis
Power Market Analysis
Stability Monitoring
State Calculation (vs. Estimation)
Transmission Pathway and Congestion Management
Wide-area Profiling and System Management
Data Driven Asset Management

17. Questions?