1. Water Cycle & Weather Patterns
Chapter 7 & 8
Water Cycle & Weather Patterns

2. salinity Measure of how salty water is.
Ocean water is more salty in some places than in other places.

3. Lesson 1 Water plays a huge role in our lives.
All the water on earth =
Covers a little less than ¾ of the Earths surface.
Only 3% of the hydrosphere is in other places other than the ocean.
Ocean is the largest and deepest Ocean.
is the measure of how salty water is.

4. Review What is all the water on Earth called?
What percent of Earth’s surface does the hydrosphere make up?
Which ocean is the largest and deepest?
What is the measure of salt in the ocean called?

5. Auquifer the layer of rock and soil that groundwater flows through.
If too much groundwater is pumped out of an aquifer, the water table in the area will drop.

6. Water Table The top level of groundwater in an aquifer.
The level of a water table changes during the year. It will rise when water is added by rain or melting snow.
It will become lower when there is a drought.

7. Reservoir An artificial lake that forms behind a dam.
The water in the reservoir is used for irrigating farm land.

8. Lesson 2 Fresh water Less than 3% of Earth’s water is fresh water.
water is also called fresh water.
Almost all fresh water starts as rain or
Groundwater
Water(rain/melted snow) that soaks into the ground is
called
The layer of rock and soil that hold the groundwater is an
The top level of groundwater in an aquifer is the
If we do not use groundwater wisely, some aquifers may become dry.

9. Rivers
Surface waters include rivers, streams, and lakes.
The area from which water drains into a river is called the river’s
Lake
Lakes form when the water collects in the a low spot on the ground. Water from a lake can leave a lake by flowing into a river, seeping into the ground, or by
Ice
About 7/10 or of Earth’s fresh water is frozen into ice.
Much of the ice is on Greenland and Antarctica.
– large pieces of ice floating in the ocean.
When ocean water freezes the ice is not The salt is pushed out.

10. Review 1) Less than % of Earth’s water is fresh water.
2) What is an aquifer?
3) What is the top level of ground water called?
4) What % of Earth’s fresh water is frozen?
Is ice salty? If not why isn’t it?
What is an iceberg?

11. Evaporation The changing of a liquid into gas.
Evaporation occurs faster if it is warmer and also if there is wind.

12. condensation the changing of a gas into a liquid.
Condensation does not happen only in the making of clouds.
Condensation also forms dew.

13. precipitation water leaving clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Precipitation is very important to everyday life. It helps keep all of our plants alive.

14. sublimation when ice turns into water vapor without first melting.
Sublimation happens more slowly than evaporation.
Lower temperatures slow the rate of sublimation.

15. Lesson 3 Earth’s water does not sit still.
Water surrounds us all the time!!
Water Cycle - repeated movement of water through the environment.
These steps can be affected by temp., wind, pressure, and the elevation of the land.
– changing of liquid water to water vapor.
Condensation – water vapor turns into liquid. Droplets in clouds or dew.
– water falls from clouds as rain, sleet, snow, or hail.
Sublimation – ice changing into water vapor without first melting.
Ice crystals that form on surfaces are called

16. The water cycle has many paths that it can take, and it isn’t always in the water cycle. It can be inside living things!!
has a major effect on the water cycle. The heat from the sun helps things evaporate, melt, and go through sublimation.
Energy is needed to raise water vapor to the clouds and move it by winds.

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18. Review Name the 4 parts of the water cycle.
What is the changing of liquid water to water vapor called?
Name 3 different types of precipitation
What is condensation?
What has the most effect on the water cycle?

19. sleet frozen rain drops.
Sleet and hail are not the same, they form in different ways.

20. Lesson 4 have an important part in the water cycle.
Clouds form when water vapor changes into tiny water or ice crystals.
Different types of clouds form at different
Air affects the forming of clouds.
Clouds often form when air moves to areas of less air pressure.

21. Clouds Cloud types – high altitude thin, wispy, and white
Cumulonimbus – thunderheads, often cause thunderstorms.
Altocumulus – mid altitude, look like small cotton balls.
Stratus – cover the whole sky, look dark.
– cloud at ground level.

22. Most rain in the US starts as .
The ice crystals from a cloud may change as they fall through different layers of air.
If the air is warm the crystals will turn into rain.
If the air near the ground is very cold, the rain sometimes freezes before it hits the ground, called
Hail forms when strong winds blow upward into a cloud. As it is blown around in the cloud it gets bigger and bigger and eventually falls to the ground.

23. Front a boundary between two air masses.
A front gets its name from the kind of air that moves into an area.

24. Air Mass a large body of air with similar properties all through it.
Air that stays over an area for some time takes on properties of that area and becomes an air mass.

25. Lesson 2 What are air masses?
Generally, the kind of weather you have at any time is because of the air mass in your area.
Some kinds of weather only happen at the of air masses.
cause air masses to move.
A is a boundary between two air masses. Most air masses move from to east.
A front gets its name from the kind of air that moves into the area. Ex. Cold front brings air in.
If a front doesn’t move much it is called a front.

26. Review Where do some kinds of weather only happen?
What causes air masses to move?
What is a front?
A warm front brings what kind of air into an area?
If a front doesn’t move much it is called a front?

27. Lesson 3 – What causes severe weather?
Sometimes the water cycle can lead to severe weather.
Thunderstorms
Tornadoes
Hurricanes
– means storms have formed and you should be ready for them.
Watch – means that storms might form.

28. Lightning
Lightning is a large electrical spark moving between areas of opposite charge.
The high temp. from lightning causes the air to expand so rapidly that it makes vibrations in the air, which is
Lightning often hits objects. You don’t want to be under trees or high towers.

29. Review
Name three different types of severe weather caused by the water cycle.
Does a warning or a watch mean that storms have formed and you should take cover?
What causes thunder?
Should you stand underneath a tree when it is lightning?

30. Barometer a tool used to measure air pressure.
In some barometers, air pressure pushes mercury up a tube. Some of them are sealed containers.

31. anemometer a tool used to measure wind speed.
Wind makes the cups of the anemometer spin around.

32. Rain Gauge Measures how much rain has fallen.
The top of the rain gauge may be wider than the bottom to catch more rain when small amounts fall.

33. Lesson 4 Weather tools – shows air pressure
Anemometer – measures speed.
– measures how much rain has fallen.
Hygrometer – measures the moisture in the air
Radar – measures the winds and precipitation inside a storm.

34. Weather Forecasting
Weather forecasters observe many patterns of weather change. They make about how the air, land, and the steps of the water cycle affect each other to make weather systems.
They make their predictions based on weather.
Forecasters use weather maps to show current weather conditions and what they predict will happen.
Fronts are always in places of low pressure. Often bring weather.
Areas of pressure, away from fronts have clear skies.

35. Review Which weather tool measures air pressure?
What does an anemometer measure?
What weather tool measures the winds and precipitation inside storms?
Where are fronts always located? Low or high pressure

36. Climate the average of weather conditions over a long time.
Climate includes things like the average amount of precipitation, the average temperature, and how much the temperature changes during the year.

38. Lesson 5 Weather and climate are not the same.
Weather is just what is happening in a amount of time.
is the average of weather conditions over a long time – usually 30 yrs. Average temp. , average precipitation.
Landforms and oceans can effect climate. Ex. Mountains.
slow the rise and fall of the air temp.
Climates can change! Usually this happens
Fossils can help scientists learn about climates in times before written records.
Many things could cause climate change . – volcanic eruptions, asteroid and meteorite impacts, carbon dioxide, methane, and other human activities.

39. Review What is the difference between climate and weather?
Name two things that can affect climate.
Do climates change slow or fast?
What are two things that could cause a climate to change?