1. Weathering and Erosion
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2. Weathering
The breaking of rocks, into smaller pieces, either mechanically or chemically.

3. Mechanical Weathering
The breaking of rocks without changing their chemical composition.
For Example: Plant roots and ice.

4. Ice Wedging
The breaking of rocks when water in cracks freezes and expands.

5. Chemical Weathering
The breakdown of rocks due to a change in their chemical composition.
Oxidation
Carbonic Acid

6. Oxidation
Chemical weathering that occurs when a substance is exposed to oxygen and water.
AKA Rust

7. Wall corroded by carbonic acid
A weak acid that forms when water mixes with carbon dioxide from air.
Wall corroded by carbonic acid

8. Soil
A mixture of weathered rock, decaying organic matter, mineral fragments, water and air.

9. Soil Horizons A layer of soil. A, B, C, A-Topsoil
B-Humus-Dark colored matter found in soil, made of decayed plants and animals.
C-Rock
Above is a soil profile

10. Climate
The pattern of weather in a particular area over a period of many years; affects the rate and type of weathering.

11. Desertification
The formation of a desert.

12. A vertical section of soil layers.
profile

13. Mechanical Weathering
The breaking apart of rocks without changing their chemical composition; for example, by plant roots and ice.
Mechanical Weathering

14. The breaking of rocks when water in cracks freezes and expands; a type of mechanical weathering.
Ice Wedging

15. Dark-colored organic matter found in soil; made of decayed plants and animals.
Humus

16. Sediment particle less than 0.004 mm in size.
Clay

17. The pattern of weather in a particular area over a period of many years; affects the rate and type of weathering.
Climate

18. A mixture of weathered rock, decaying organic matter, mineral fragments, water, and air.
Soil

19. Occurs when soil materials dissolved in water are carried down through soil layers.
Leaching

20. The formation of a desert.
Desertification

21. Chemical weathering that occurs when a substance is exposed to oxygen and water.
oxidation

22. The breaking of rocks into smaller pieces, either mechanically or chemically.
Weathering

23. A weak acid that forms when water mixes with carbon dioxide from air.
Carbonic

24. The top layer of soil; usually contains humus and is dark in color.
topsoil

25. A soil layer.
Horizon

26. The breakup of rocks due to a change in their chemical composition.
Chemical weathering

27. What are the three types of soil horizons?
A,B,C

28. Oklahoma has this soil type:
Prairie

29. This is the only state that has a glacial soil type:
Maine

30. Which is the oldest layer of the soil horizon?

31. What is the technical name for rusting?
oxidation

32. Deposition
The dropping of sediments

33. Mass Movement
When gravity alone causes materials to move down slope.

34. Slump
A mass movement that happens when lose materials or rock layers lip down a slope.

35. Creep
When sediments slowly inch their way down a hill.

36. Glaciers
The moving of ice and snow.

37. plucking
The type of glacial erosion in which rock fragments are loosened, broken off, and carried away by the freezing of water in cracks.

38. Till
An unsorted mixture of boulders, sand, silt, and clay deposited by a glacier.

39. Moraine
A ridge of unsorted rock and soil bulldozed ahead and to the sides of a glacier: left behind when the glacier melts.

40. Deflation
Wind erosion that removes loose, fine-grained sediments such as clay or silt, and leaves behind coarser material.

41. Abrasion
A type of erosion caused by wearing or scraping away by sand grains or other particles.

42. Loess
A thick, deposit of fine, wind-eroded sediments.

43. Runoff
Water that does not soak into the ground or evaporate flows across Earth’s surface.

44. Rill Erosion
When small streams form during heavy rain.

45. Gully Erosion
A rill channel become broader and deeper.

46. Sheet erosion
Rainwater flows into lower elevation, carrying sediments with it.

47. Drainage Basin
The land area from which a stream gets its water.

48. Meander
A curve that forms when faster moving water erodes the sides of a stream.

49. Floodplain
The broad flat valley floor carved by a meandering stream.

50. Alluvial Fan
When water begins flowing on a level surface and slows downs and drops its sediments.

51. Delta
Sediments that are dropped when the water empties into an ocean, gulf or lake.

52. Groundwater
Water that soaks into the ground and collects in pores.

53. Permeable
When water can pass through rocks and soil.

54. Impermeable
When water can not pass through rocks and soil.

55. Aquifer
A layer of permeable rock that transmits water freely.

56. Zone of Saturation
The area where are of the pores of the rock are filled with water.

57. Water Table
The upper surface of the zone of saturation.

58. Artesian well
Well where water under pressure rise to the surface.

59. Spring
When the water table meets the surface and water flows out of it.

60. Hot Spring
Spring where the surrounding rocks have become heated from molten materials under the Earth’s surface.

61. Geyser
A hot spring that erupts periodically.

62. Cave
When groundwater erodes away the limestone and a underground opening forms.

63. Sinkhole
A depression that forms when the roof of a cave collapses.

64. Longshore Current
Water that runs parallel to the shore.

65. Beaches
Deposits of sediment that run parallel to the shore.

66. Barrier Islands
Sand deposits that parallel the shore but are separated from the mainland.