1. Valence Electrons

2. Valence Electrons Outer most electrons in the S and P orbitals.
Find the element and count the S and P electrons that you pass in the same row as the element.

3. Octet Rule
Elements will gain or lose electrons (by bonding) to get 8 valence electrons, the same as a noble gas.
8 valence electrons = happy and stable!

4. Ion
An atom with a charge (ex. -2 or +3) that has either gained or lost electrons.
Charges  Negative = move right (gained electrons)
Positive = move left (lost electrons)

5. Fluorine Potassium Na+ Phosphorus Zinc P3- Calcium Iodine Cl-1
Nitrogen
Aluminum
Iron
Xenon
Argon
O-2
Practice Counting Valence Electrons

6. Lewis Dot Structure
A drawing that shows just the valence electrons.

7. How to draw Lewis Dot Structure
Steps
Count up valence electrons.
Write the element symbol (ex. for Hydrogen you write H).
Draw electrons (dots) individually on the 4 sides of the element symbol.
Pair up electrons (dots) if needed.

8. Practice
Sodium
Oxygen
Gold
Radon

9. Lithium Antimony Barium Boron Chlorine Neon
More Practice (with partner on whiteboard