1. Saemaulundong Central Training Institute
Saemaulundong in Korea - Focusing on the early Saemaulundong- Ryu Jong Chun Vice President of Saemaulundong Central Training Institute
Saemaulundong Central Training Institute

2. 1. Background of Saemaulundong 2. Development Process of Saemaulundong
Table of Contents
1. Background of Saemaulundong
2. Development Process of Saemaulundong
3. Saemaul Spirit
4. Saemaul Projects
5. Saemaul Training

3. Background of Saemaulundong

4. Rural Society in the 1960s 4

5. Social Background in the 1960s
• 70% of the Korean population lived in
rural areas
• 80% lived in chogajips and used
candle lamps
• Petty farmers (low income)
<GDP per capita : USD, USD>
• Narrow village roads (human transportation)
• Lacking in culture & health facilities
• Low productivity in rural areas &
increasing agricultural household dept
growing need for eradication of poverty
and rural development
Korean
Rural Sector
in the 1960s

6. Initiation of Saemaulundong
• Five-year economic development plan
in the 1960s achieved economic growth in the urban sector
- economic growth rate intensified gap between urban and rural income
(massive influx of the rural population to the urban area)
• Pre-modern living environment in the rural area
「 Overcome Poverty and Create Wealth 」
Initiated Saemaulundong on April 22, 1970
<President Park, Jeong Hee>

7. Development Process of Saemaulundong

8. First Year : Environmental Projects
( )
Free cement supplies to villages
(33,000 villages)
335 sacks of cement to each village
Proposed 10 Saemaul environment
Improvement projects
Government
Support
Project
Evaluation
Successful in
16,600 villages
Villagers’ meeting – Set project plans
Select Saemaul leaders
Spontaneous participation of villagers
Village-unit
projects
Success Factors
- government support
- dedicated service of village
leaders
- villagers’ active participation
(diligence, self-help, cooperation)
Solution
- priority support to outstanding
villages
- nurture Saemaul leaders
(establishment of Saemaulundong Central
Training Institute)
- build the Saemaul Spirit

9. 10 Major Saemaul Enviroment Projects
• Expansion & Pavement of Village Entry Roads
• Expansion & Pavement of Village Inroads
• Cleaning Villages & Improvement of Streams
• Building Public Laundry Facilities
• Building Public Wells
• Modernizing Roofs (rice straw roofs tile, slat roofs)
• Modernizing Fences (mud fences brick, cement fences)
• Building Bridges
• Improving Water Systems
• Building Compost Fields

10. Second Year : Priority support to outstanding villages
Subject Village : 16,600 outstanding villages
Additional Supply : 500 sacks of cement and 1 ton of
steel to each village
Conditions of Project Implementation
- Applied theory of Competition : support was given only to the
villages that had the will to develop
- Induced confidence, belief, and motivation through change
- Changes in Villages
· rice straw roofs, mud fences → tile, cement blocks
· expansion & pavement of village roads/ river dikes/bridges
- Villages with low participation → Unchanged village environment

11. Third Year : Development of villages by Level
Classified Villages Based on Level of Development & Villagers’ Participation -
Self-Help
Village
(500 thousand)
Additional
Support
Self-Reliant
Village
(1million)
Priority
support
Basic Level
Village
Basic support
31% basic level villages in 1973  100% self-reliant villages in
end-1970.
- Divided villages based on level of development
▪Basic level village : improve living environment + spiritual enlightenment
 self-help spirit
▪ Self-help village : living environment improvement projects + labor
 increase non-agricultural income
▪ Self-reliant village : income increasing projects +cultural welfare projects
 improve social welfare and increase income

12. ※ Comparison of Village Distribution by Development Level
Year
Basic Level
Village (%)
Self-Help
Village (%)
Self-Reliant
Village (%)
Total
1972 53 40 7
100
1973 31 57 12
100
1974 11 60 29
100
Over 98% of villages became self-reliant in 1978

13. Changed Roofs,Fences,Village Inroads

14. Streams & Village Entry Roads

15. New Bridges & Changed Village

16. ※ Implementation Principles
Supply
: Water
(Government support)
Villagers’ Participation
( Diligence, Self-help,
Cooperation )
Output
: 100~1,000
(Result of Saemaulundong)

17. Meaning & Spirit of Saemaulundong

18. What is Saemaulundong ?
「New」: 新 ( value that seeks desirable changes )
「Village」: Community, neighbors
「Saemaul Undong」: A movement that continuously
works to bring positive changes in communities
Building a wealthy village
- A wealthy household, a wealthy village, a wealthy country
- Wealth = · Economic wealth + Mental wealth
· Our generation + The next generation

19. Saemaul Spirit Spontaneous Motivation, Pioneering Spirit
Diligence
Spontaneous Motivation, Pioneering Spirit
(The early bird gets the worm)
Self-help
Self-conciousness, Sense of Ownership
(Heaven helps those who help
themselves)
Cooperation
(1+1=2+∝) Cooperative Spirit
(Two is better than one)

20. Characteristics of Saemaulundong
Saemaulundong did not start based on the government’s
detailed plan or an elaborate theory
Experiences of Failure in the Past
(National Reconstruction Movement, Special Agricultural Income Increasing Projects)
- Villagers’ will & spontaneous participation – spiritual power
- Direct connection to villagers’ benefit & profit – economic power
A comprehensive movement of villagers’ mental reform & infrastructural improvement
Positive Cycle of Saemaulundong
- Government support(stimulation)→improvement of agricultural infrastructure
→ villagers’ cooperation(participation) → visible results → benefit → spirit of
self-help & cooperation → reproduction
An agricultural development movement that was based on the self-realization of villagers that “we must do”, “we can do”, and “we will do.”
Movement of Mental Reformation and Practice t

21. Saemaul Projects

22. Project Implementation System
• Ministry of Internal Affairs :
Ministry in Charge (Overall Management)
• Each ministry :
Saemaulundong Division
Central
Government
• Saemaulundong Centers
in provinces
Provinces
• Saemaulundong Centers in
counties and small cities
Counties
• Steering Committee
(Division chief + Saemaul leader)
Up, Myon
• Village Development Committee
(Saemaul Leader+ Village Chief)
Ri• Dong
(village)

23. Project Description Environment Projects Increasing Income
• Paving inroads into villages
• Building bridges
• Expanding village roads
• Improving water systems
• Improving roofs • Electricity in households
• New water pipelines • Community facilities
Environment
Projects
Increasing
Income
• Cooperative production (fertilizers, pesticides)
• Improvement of seeds
• Non-agricultural income (Saemaul factory)
• Raising crops for special use
Mental
Reform
• Practicing the Saemaul spirit
• Saving
• Helping each other
• Following rules

24. Implementation Method
Process
Project Selection (Through villagers’ meeting)
- Public Benefit : projects that contribute to common profit
- Locality : projects that fit into villages’ conditions
- Cost Efficient : projects that reap high net profit
- Feasibility : projects that can be implemented
- Demand : projects that are directly linked to villagers’ income
Capital
Material
Labor
Plan
Implement
Complete
Mobilize
Reflect in future
projects (feedback)
Evaluate

25. Saemaul Training

26. Saemaul Training Motivation
- The existence of competent leaders determined the
output of Saemaul projects
(Conclusion from first year of implementation)
- Acknowledged Importance of training leaders
Initiation of Saemaul Training
- Established the Training Institute for Productive
Farmers on January, 1972
- 2 week program  1 week  4days and 3 nights
 3days and 2nights
※ Training Institute for Productive Farmers  Saemaul Leaders Training Institute  Saemaulundong Central Training Institute

27. Goals of Saemaul Training
Training Professional Leaders of Saemaulundong
- Living up to the Saemaul spirit (diligence, self-help, cooperation)
- Change of mindsets and attitudes (establishing positive values)
- Building a sense of responsibility and leadership
Contribute to building a wealthy village, a wealthy community, a wealthy country, and a wealthy global community
- Nurture dedicated leaders that sacrifice for their villages
and their country (love of country & hometown, community spirit)
with strong sense of duty and will.

28. Training Method Training Institute Practice Saemaul Lifestyles
- Communal camp training
Lectures
- Perception of reality
Case Studies
- Listen to successful cases
Field Visits
- On-site study tours
Discussions
- Small group discussions
Training Institute
Post-
Training
Facilitate
Saemaul
Undong
Completion
Re-
Training

29. Expansion of Saemaul Training
※ Expansion of Saemaul Training = Expansion of Saemaulundong
Saemaul Leader
(Men→Women)
Civil Servants
Social Leaders
Pan-national
Movement
Students
Rural
Saemaulundong
Urban
Corporate/Factory
School

30. Thank You !