1. Presentation On Routes of drug administration & it’s significance

2. route of drug administration?
The route of drug administration is the way through which drug enter into our body. It is depends on the properties and nature of the drug.

3. Classification of routes of drug administration
Enteral Administration : Oral, Sublingual, Rectal.
Intravenous Administration.
Intramuscular Administration.
Subcutaneous Administration.
Inhalation Administration.

4. Oral Administration When a drug is given by mouth then it is
called oral administration. This is the most
frequent route of drug administration.
Example: Tablets , Capsules ,Chewable
tablets.

5. Oral-administrated Drugs
Tablets
Capsules

6. Comparison Advantages Disadvantages Easy to take and portable.
Painless and comfortable.
Relatively cheap and compact.
Various dosage form are available.
Self medication is possible.
Give fast-pass effect.
May occur food-interaction.
Can give local effect. i.e. GI flora.
Unconscious patient not able to swallow.
Inactivated by stomach acid. e.g. penicillin.

7. Sublingual Administration
The drug which is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly is called sublingual administration. The sublingual mucosa offers a rich supply of blood vessels through drugs can be absorbed.
Example: Nitroglycerin ,Steroids

8. Sublingual-administrated Drugs
N-glycerine

9. Comparison Disadvantages Advantages Absorbed quickly.
Faster therapeutic effect.
Avoid fast-pass effect.
Drug stability is better.
Self medication is possible.
If the drug is swallowed, then all advantages of drug are lost.
Drug contain small dose limit.

10. Rectal Administration
Rectal administration is reserved for certain clinical situation, such as a vomiting patient or medication not available in injectable form. It's usually given in rectum. Example: Aspirin or chlorpromazine.

11. Rectal-administrated Drugs
Glycerin suppositories
Panadol suppositories

12. Comparison Advantages Disadvantages
Suitable route for anti- constipation drugs.
Useful for children and non-matured person.
Do not undergo fast-pass effect.
Self medication is possible.
Little painful & uncomfortable.
Small range of drugs available.
Sometimes need expert person to administrate on children.

13. Intravenous Administration
It is a process by which injection of drug is given directly into the vein. Example: Chemotherapy drugs for cancer treatment.

14. IV-administrated Drugs
IV-infusion process
Intravenous Injection

15. Comparison Advantages Disadvantages
Therapeutic effect seen immediately.
More suitable for large volume administration.
Does not need to be absorbed.
Suitable for unconscious, non-cooperative patient.
Avoid fast-pass effect.
Aseptic technique is must required.
Painful and costly.
Short duration of action.
Require supporting equipment. such as infusion set.
Self-medication is difficult.

16. Intramuscular Administration
It is the process by which drug is injected into the area of a large muscle.
Example: Anesthetic Injection

17. IM-administrated Drugs
Intramuscular Injection

18. Comparison Advantages Disadvantages Provide rapid absorption.
Lowest risk of damage adjacent nerves and blood vessels.
Rapid onset of action.
Slightly irritant drug can be given.
Moderate volume of drug may given.
Avoid fast-pass effect.
Supporting equipment is required.
May be painful.
Sometimes also costly.
Non-soluble(in water) drugs are not acceptable. such as Valium, Librium.
Self-medication is difficult.

19. Subcutaneous Administration
Administration of fluid via subcutaneous route is called subcutaneous administration. In this process, injection of a liquid into the layer of tissue just below the dermis but above the muscle layer. Example: Insulin

20. subcutaneous-administrated Drugs
Subcutaneous Insulin Pump with infusion set

21. Comparison Advantages Disadvantages
Minimize the risks associated with the IM injection.
Easy to take by patient.
Less expensive than IV therapy.
Relatively safe and cost effective.
Avoid fast-pass effect.
Slower absorption of drug.
possibility of inflammation and irritation at infusion site.
Can be form leakage of subcutaneous site.
can be create allergic reaction.
Limitation in volume of drugs.

22. Inhalation Administration
The inhalation administration is used for drugs that can be dispersed in an aerosol or that vaporize easily. Example : Nitrous oxide for general anesthesia.

23. Inhalation-administrated Drugs
Inhalation Device

24. Comparison Advantages Disadvantages
Provide rapid drug delivery across alveolar membrane.
Produce rapid action.
Avoid toxicity and first-pass effect.
Absorption of gas are efficient.
Only used for gaseous form drugs those can be dispersed in an aerosol.
Special equipment is required.

25. We should concern
Drugs show their pharmacological action when absorbed by the systemic circulation and distribution into the interstitial and intracellular fluid. For absorption to take place the drug must be administered in the appropriate manner.

26. The End
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