1. ab initio Chemistry ab initio QCD 1930+50 = 1980 0.1 flops  10 Mflops
Comparison of Chemistry & QCD : K. Wilson (1989 Capri): “lattice gauge theory could also require a 108 increase in computer power AND spectacular algorithmic advances before useful interactions with experiment ...”
ab initio Chemistry
= 1980
0.1 flops  10 Mflops
Gaussian Basis functions
ab initio QCD
= 2030?*
10 Mflops  1000 Tflops
Clever Multi-scale Variable?
“Almost 20 Years ahead of schedule!”
*Fast Computers +
Smart Algorithms +
Rigorous QCD Theoretical Analysis
= ab initio predictions

2. Forces in Standard Model
Nuclei Weak
N=2 (Isospin)
Atoms: Maxwell
N=1(charge)
Sub nuclear: Strong
N=3 (Color)
Standard Model: U(1) £ SU(2) £ SU(3)

3. Quantum Chromo Dynamics - QCD
QED: theory of electromagnetism
QCD: theory of strong interactions – hadronic physics
QED
QCD
Photon, 
Gluons, G
Charged particles, e, , u, d,…
Quarks: u, d, s, c, b, t
2 charges: positive & negative
3 charges: “red”, “green”, “blue”
Photon is neutral
Gluons carry color charge
e ' 1/137
s ' O(1)
Highly non-linear theory – can only use perturbation theory at high energy

4. Running Coupling Unification
Strong
Weak
E&M
Mplanck = 1018

5. But QCD has charged Quarks and Gluons
Quark-Antiquarks polarize just like e+- e- pairs
“But Gluons Act with Opposite Sign!”
 X

6. Quark+anti-Quark in Meson

8. 3 Color  3 quarks in Proton

9. Glue in Vacuum is Lumpy l