1. Term to Know: Assumption
Focus 10/9
As the ideas of the Enlightenment, Nationalism, and the French/American Revolutions spread to Latin America, European nations found it increasingly difficult to maintain their colonies in the region. Latin Americans demanded rights and an end to the system of mercantilism. Latin Americans began to engage in armed struggles to achieve freedom.
Point for Discussion: Why would ideas of the Enlightenment challenge the colonial system?
Critical Lens: The educational system of the European countries worked against them in the colonies.
Term to Know: Assumption

2. Revolutions in Latin America
Late 1700s, revolutionary spirit of Western Europe spreads to Latin America

3. Revolutions in Latin America
Educated creoles in 1700s were influenced by Enlightenment
Locke Voltaire Montesquieu

4. Revolutions in Latin America
Even before Spanish colonists revolted, French ruled Haiti rebelled under leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture

5. Revolutions in Latin America
Toussaint L’Ouverture was Haitian leader who freed slaves and inspired people to fight for independence.

6. Revolutions in Latin America
Miguel Hidalgo – Mexican priest who began a long revolt against Spanish rule.

7. Revolutions of Latin America
El Grito de Dolores (Miguel Hidalgo)
“My children, will you be free? Will you make the effort to recover the lands stolen from your forefathers by the hated Spanish 300 years ago.”
How does this challenge imperialism?
How does this represent nationalism?

8. Revolutions in Latin America
Jose Morelos, another Mexican priest, fought for wide ranging social reform.

9. Revolutions in Latin America
In 1821, Mexico became independent from Spain under leadership of Agustin de Iturbide, who declared himself Emperor

10. Revolutions in Latin America
Simon Bolivar – Latin America creole who won independence for Caracas, Venezuala, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia

11. Revolutions in Latin America
Bolivar established Gran Columbia, but became disappointed when power struggles caused civil wars among fellow revolutionaries.

12. Revolutions in South America
Jose San Martin helped Argentina win independence from Spain

13. Revolutions in Latin America
Dom Pedro became leader of independent Brazil

14. Critical Lens: Nationalism is a powerful force for independence.
Focus 9/19
Leaders such as Toussaint L'Ouverture and Simon Bolivar led popular movements to overthrow European rule. Influenced by the Enlightenment and Nationalism, these revolutions led to the formation of republics in Latin America.
Point for Discussion: Why did Toussaint and Bolivar feel they had the right to overthrow European colonial rule?
Critical Lens: Nationalism is a powerful force for independence.
Term to Know: Articulate

15. Revolutions in Latin America

16. Revolutions in Latin America
Society in Colonial America

17. Latin America as a Result of Revolutions

18. Closure
Explain how ideas of the Enlightenment would influence independent movements in Latin America.
Explain how the social class pyramid below would be considered unfair according to the thinkers of the Enlightenment?