1. Do Now 4 details that you observe
2 connections (what do those details represent in historical context?)
What message is the cartoonist sending?

2. Do Now
One of the first things Gerald Ford did when he became president was pardon Richard Nixon. Many Americans reacted negatively to this. Do you think the pardon was necessary to “heal” from Watergate or did it let Nixon off too easy?
In January 1977, Jimmy Carter got out of his limo and walked during his inauguration. What does this show about his personality and his approach to the presidency?

3. Do Now
Review for your quiz tomorrow! Find three key terms from anywhere in chapter 19 and define them.

4. “The Ford and Carter Years”
1974 to 1981

5. I.) Economic Machine Slows
President Ford faces:
1. Rough Economy
a. high inflation
b. high unemployment
c. energy problems: OPEC oil embargo
d. public distrust of govt.
STAGFLATION
inflation caused by LBJ’s increasing deficit spending to fund Great Society and Vietnam War
STAGFLATION – we had dominated manufacturing and trade in the 40s and 50s, but now our factories were older, less efficient, and we had more competition from European and Asian countries who had built factories after WW2 factories close down  unemployment
energy problems – we had become reliant on cheap fossil fuels for manufacturing and transportation, but more countries were now demanding that oil
OPEC uses oil as a political tool – embargoed petroleum to countries (like the U.S.) that supported Israel
On the Watergate Scandal:
“ Our long national nightmare is over”
After becoming vice president:
“I’m a Ford, not a Lincoln”

6. II.) Ford’s Policy September 8, 1974: President Ford pardons Nixon
- “it could go on and on, or someone must write the end to it”
Economy:
1. “Whip Inflation Now” (WIN): Ford calls Americans to cut back use of oil and gas (fails)
2. “Tight Money Policy”: cut govt. spending & higher interest rates
Outcome: worst economic recession in 40 years
Ford’s approval rating went from 71 to 50% after the pardon

7. Foreign Policy:
1. Henry Kissinger remains secretary of state
2. Détente: negotiates with China & Soviet Union
3. Helsinki Accords: 35 Cold War nations agree to cooperation & human rights
Outcome: Ford’s greatest accomplishment although the Soviets didn’t keep their promise
4. Cambodia seizes Mayaguez, American cargo ship
5. South Vietnam surrenders; Congress sends no aide

8. III.) Election of 1976
Republican Nominee:
Gerald Ford
Democratic Nominee:
Jimmy Carter
“I will never lie to the American people”
Election Day Results: Jimmy Carter wins with 40.8 million votes to Gerald Fords 39.1 million

9. IV.) Carter Faces Problems
Energy Crisis:
1. dependence on foreign oil
Outcome: Department of Energy
Economic Crisis:
1. violence in Middle East produces fuel shortage in U.S.
2. inflation rises from 7.6% to 11.3% in 1979; 14% 1980
3. Standard of living goes from 1st to 5th place in world

11. 3. Changing Economy a. fewer manufacturing jobs; more service jobs b
3. Changing Economy a. fewer manufacturing jobs; more service jobs b. overseas competition

12. V.) Carter’s Policy Civil Rights:
1. administration include more African-Americans and women than any before
2. Regents of UC v. Bakke: upheld affirmative action
B. Human Rights & Foreign Policy:
1. “powerful must not persecute the weak”
2. use moral principles as guide (Wilson)
3. commit to promoting human rights

13. C. Establishing Human Rights Foreign Policy:
U.S. & Panama Treaty
(U.S. give up ownership of Panama Canal Dec )
Outcome: improves U.S.-Latin American relations
2. Carter called out the USSR on human rights violations end Détente & raise Cold War tensions
1. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
2. SALT II signed by Carter/Brezhnev but not ratified by Senate
3. U.S. boycotts the summer Olympics in in Moscow

14. 2. 1978: Carter, Sadat, & Begin meet at Camp David & agree
Camp David Accords:
: peace negotiations begin between Israel (Menachem Begin) and Egypt (Anwar el-Sadat)
: Carter, Sadat, & Begin meet at Camp David & agree
Israel withdraws from Sinai
& Egypt recognizes Israel
E. Iran Hostage Crisis:
1. Jan. 1979: revolution in Iran overthrows the western-friendly shah of Iran with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
2. Nov. 4, 1979: 52 Americans taken hostage from U.S. embassy in Tehran
3. Outcome: negotiations for 444 days result in release Jan. 20, 1981

15. F. Malaise Speech
1. “crisis of confidence”, negative view of American place in the world and culture
2. inexperience and inability to work with Congress

17. VI.) The “Me” Decade
New Age Movement – spiritual enlightenment in everyday life
Zen, yoga, martial arts, chanting, crystals, astrology, reincarnation
New religions – Eastern mystical religions taught by gurus like Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

18. VII). Family Life Smaller families More women joining workforce
Divorce rate doubled

19. VIII). Television
All in the Family – Archie Bunker tackled liberal ideas, racism, feminism, other sensitive issues and prejudices
The Jeffersons
Maude
Good Times

20. IX). Music and Fads Youth and protest movements  Disco
Songs without a message
Barry Manilow, John Denver, ABBA, the Eagles
Dance music in disco nightclubs
Saturday Night Fever
Skateboards, mood rings, “CB” radios, pet rocks, aerobics = exercise while having fun!