1. Tauri Tuvikene, Tallinn University, Tauri.Tuvikene@tlu.ee
3 years of FFPT in Tallinn - impacts on mobility patterns and local policies
Mari Jüssi, Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre
Tauri Tuvikene, Tallinn University,

2. FareFree Publilc Transport case of Tallinn 2013-2015, capital of Estonia – 440 000 inhabitants
Intro
Idea
Implementation
Impacts

3. Trends in mobility patterns in Tallinn

4. Edgar Savisaar, Mayor of Tallinn, introduces the idea publicly in an Estonian tabloid
Where did the idea came from?
Not from any strategic planning process
Public transport development strategy was stopped
Idea launched by the mayor

5. How was it decided?
How was it decided?
Public opinion Poll – Come and Vote Yes, campaign organized by city government Tallinn korraldas märtsini 2012 linnaelanike küsitlust küsimusega “Kas toetate tasuta ühistransporditeenusele üleminekut alates aastast Tallinna ühtse piletisüsteemi liinidel?”.
75% voted yes

6. What were the expectations?

7. Tallinn City and Tallinn residents only 65+ continue FFPT regardless of residence
How was it implemented? (2)
Who could ride for free before and after?
-Increased service -Bus priority lanes (were planned before) - increased parking fees on parking spaces managed by the city
New ticketing system All have to validate Ticket controls continue
Before and after study by KTH, Oded Cats: Increase in overall trips, PT increase 14% - 1,2% increase in ridership explained by FFPT, PT was free for most price sensitive group before
Bus priority lanes, increased service, new commuter train and quicker train
Shift from walking
Service level (seat-km) still 25% lower than in 2008
No detailed analyses of car trip – marginal impact on overall traffic volumes

8. Pilt 12
New Trams
New Bus Priority Lanes

9. The state renewed 40 year old passenger train fleet, more frequent and quicker rail service
“It felt like I had bought myself a new car!” – Juho, 41

10. Evidence on Impacts
For monitooring impacts many things changed during the periood
Recovering from financial crisis
Every yerar extensive road reconstruction in central areas of tallinn
New trams, trains
New ticketing system
No consistent monitooring on overall car use
Oil prices 10

11. Key academic findings on impacts of FFPT in Tallinn Oded Cats et al 2014 and 2016, KTH
Trip generation rather than substitution
Shift from walking
Car trips remain the same, but are longer
Reduced PT use of higher income groups
Impact on car use remains marginal
Improved PT and campaign has higher impact on PT use than FF
Monitoring Impacts
No systematic monitoring nor public reports about the impacts Many monitoring and statistic systems changed Hard to compare evidence as the baseline of walking was not measured Many major road works/closures have influenced both car use and PT No systematic monitoring nor public reports about the impacts
Many monitoring and statistic systems changed
Hard to compare evidence as the baseline of walking was not measured
Many major road works/closures have influenced both car use and PT

12. Source: Tallinn City Government, 2016
Sources: Tallinn city government, Systra Saar Poll travel diary 2015 TNS EMOR/Kredex/Stratum travel diary

13. Pilt 6
New registered residents cover the additional costs

14. Ca 5-10% increase in Tallinn residents – mostly from neihbouring municipalities
People register to Tallinn from surrounding municipalities to gain benefits of public transit
Postimees,

15. More people registered in Tallinn than actually live there
Difference between the number of registered residents and actual residents
More people registered in Tallinn than actually live there
One of the political goals was to gain more registered residents in Tallinn
Personal income tax the main revenue for municipalities
Loss of registered inhabitants during the boom years

16. The income gained by Tallinn increases with all the other Estonia decreasing
Previous trends either increasing income of Tallinn with its surrounding region or increasing income of Tallinn suburb at the expense of Tallinn city

17. What can Tallinn afford?
Can a city with fare free public transport afford itself a proper SUMP?
Annual additional costs for public transport MEUR
Public vote for free public cost 260 000
An SUMP costs ca 200 000 MEUR
17-20 M€ extra funding on Public Transport – more than 4% of City budget
€ for organizing public vote campaign
€ for SUMP process???

18. Ticket inspections & fines continue
Ticket inspections are continued and one can be fined for riding for free without a validating your green card during boarding

19. 3 trolleybuslines replaced with diesel busses

20. Free parking + direct subsidies to create more parking spaces
Planned Reidi road in downtown water front area assume 2 times more car use than now
Controversial policies
Controversial plicies
Free parking + direct subsidies to create more parking spaces

21. Tallinn downtown roads From a „STROAD“ to modern street

22. Thank you! mari@seit.ee; tauri.tuvikene@tlu.ee