1. USH Ch 3 The Civil War Begins Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln (16th President, )
Was not an abolitionist
Opposed spread of slavery to West
South Carolina first state to secede (Dec 1860)

2. Creation of the Confederacy
Jefferson Davis elected President of C.S.A.
Fort Sumter fired upon (Apr 1861)
Eleven total states secede

3. Opposing Economies Industry Taxes remained with federal government
90% of nation’s factories in North
Taxes remained with federal government
South begins to print money
Creates “inflation”

4. The First Modern War Military Technology South’s Strategy
Cone-shaped bullet
Trenches and barricades
South’s Strategy
“attrition” (wear down enemy)
Instead went on offensive
Deep public push for a ‘big’ victory
Union’s Strategy
Anaconda Plan

9. Proclaiming Emancipation
Emancipation Proclamation
Jan 1, 1863
Freed only slaves in seceded states
Changes War
Began as a war preserving the Union
Now a war to liberate enslaved people

10. The End of the War Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse
Lincoln assassinated
Results of the War:
The Union is saved
Federal government is strengthened
Slavery now illegal (13th Amendment to Constitution)
South is socially and economically devastated

11. Reconstruction Rebuilding the nation after the War
Lincoln: offered amnesty (a pardon) to states that seceded
Radical Republicans:
Prevent leaders of Confederacy form holding power
Wanted Republican Party to be powerful in South
Help African-Americans achieve political equality

12. South clings to old ways
Black Codes
Former Confederate officials win public office
African-Americans must enter into labor contracts
Radical Reconstruction
Now moderate Republicans becoming “Radical”
14th Amendment (“due process”)

13. Military Reconstruction
South divided into five military districts
15th Amendment
Right to vote cannot be denied due to race

14. Republican Reforms Repeal Black Codes Created state hospitals
Created orphanages
Rebuilt roads and railroads (“infrastructure”)
Southern reaction: creation of Ku Klux Klan

15. Reconstruction “Fails”
Republican political scandals
Democrats begin to win power back in South
Public was tired of politics of Reconstruction

16. The South After Reconstruction
POSITIVES
Four times more railroad track than in 1860
Thriving iron and steel industry
NEGATIVES
Still had an agrarian (farming)-based economy
“Sharecropping”

17. Ch 3 Essential Questions
What advantages and disadvantages did the North and South have at the beginning of the Civil War?
How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the Civil War?
What important issues caused disagreement about how Reconstruction should take place?