2. Chapter 2
Connecting Technology and Engineering through Mathematics and Science

3. Objectives Define engineering.
Describe the relationship between technology and engineering.
Explore the relationship between technology, science, and mathematics.
Compare and contrast the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).
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4. Objectives
List the six basic steps for technological or engineering design processes.
Describe the differences between inventions and innovations.
Examine the impact of inventions and innovations.
Evaluate the process of patenting to protect inventive or innovative ideas.
NASA

5. Technology
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6. Technology and Engineering
Engineering develops and improves technologies
Mathematics and science knowledge
Calculates mechanical advantage
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7. Mechanical Advantage Measures amplifying amount of effort exerted
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8. Calculating Mechanical Advantage
STEM Connection
Science and Mathematics
Calculating Mechanical Advantage
Greater mechanical advantage means greater tasks accomplished
Ratio of output force to input force
Mechanical advantage (MA)= effort arm length load arm length
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9. Engineering Science, math, and technological application
Efficient problem-solving
Systematic and iterative approach

10. Engineers Conduct research
Apply scientific and technological knowledge
Solve real-world problems
Modify natural world
Improve everyday technologies

11. Relationship between Technology, Engineering, Science, and Math
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12. Science Study of natural world Questions about natural phenomena
Scientists design investigation
Analyze and interpret data
Construct explanations
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13. Evaluating Technologies
Design and conduct tests
Does technology meet goals
What is effect of technology
Prove or disprove hypothesis
Scientific method

14. The Scientific Method
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15. Mathematics Common engineer practices: Measurement techniques
Estimation
Reasoning with equations
Scaling and proportion
Quantifies world
Phenomena as quantities
NASA

16. Think Green Carbon Footprint Measures everyday behavior on environment
Amount of carbon dioxide released
Energy and gas from home and travel
Important to learn details and calculate footprint
Helps to motivate carbon reduction

17. Technology versus Engineering
Creative action
Trial-and-error approach
Engineering
Systematic approach
Science and math knowledge

18. Technological Design Problem solution to meet needs Open-ended process
Trial-and-error

19. Engineering Design Intentional path to solve problem
Predictive analysis
How well solution solves a problem
Before solution is produced
Optimization
Mathematical modeling and analysis
Make solution most effective

20. Steps of the Technological and Engineering Design Processes
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21. Identify and Define a Problem
Develop basic information about problem
Evaluates design limitations

22. Gather Information
Search for background information needed to develop solution ideas

23. Develop a Design Solution
Refine several possible solutions
Isolate, refine, and detail best solution

24. Model and Make the Solution
Produce model or prototype of solution
Physical
Graphic
Mathematical

25. Evaluate the Solution Test model of selected solution
Determine how well solution solves problem
Optimize or redesign, if necessary

26. Communicate the Final Solution
Select final solution
Prepare documents needed to produce and use solution

27. Achieving Goals through Technology and Engineering
Technology developed to meet specific goal
Artifact can meet more than one goal
Technology transfer

28. Technology Explained Smart House Computer technology
Controls energy use, security, and communication
Microprocessors and wiring system
Hybrid branch cables
Communication cables
Applications cables
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29. Engineering and Technology Outcomes
Inventions
New, useful product or process
Innovations
Improvement to preexisting product or process
Better solves problem

30. Patents Property rights for new processes or products
Granted by government
Exclusive use to create designs and sell ideas
United States Patent Office

31. Engineering Technician
Career Connection
Engineering Technician
Assist engineers and engineering technologists
Install, repair, maintain equipment
Research and development projects
Various technology fields
Manufacturing
Medical