1. VI. How do States Spatially Organize their Governments?

2. Internal Structure 1. The needs of a well-functioning state
a) Clearly bounded territory served by an adequate infrastructure
b) Effective administrative framework, a productive core area, and a prominent capital
2. All states confront divisive forces

3. Forms of Government
These two forms promote nation-building and attempt to quell division within…
Unitary – highly centralized government where the capital city serves as a focus of power.
Federal – a government where the state is organized into territories, which have control over government policies and funds.

4. Unitary and Federal Systems
1.Early European nation-states were unitary states:
a)Governments were highly centralized and powerful
b)Capital cities represented authority that stretched to the limits of the state

5. Unitary and Federal Systems
The federal state arose in the New World
a) Newness of the culture, and emergence of regionalism due to the vast size of territories
b) Conditions did not lend themselves to unitary systems of government
c) Absence of an old primate city
d) Lack of a clear core area and the vastness of national territory

6. Nigeria’s Federal Government –
Allows states within the state to determine
whether to have Shari’a Laws
Shari’a Laws
Legal systems based on traditional Islamic laws

7. The U.S. Federal Government –
Allows states (sub-states) within the state to determine “moral” laws such as death penalty, access to alcohol, and concealed weapons.
Minnesota’s concealed
weapons law
requires the posting of signs such as this on buildings that do not allow concealed weapons.

8. Forces of Fragmentation and Cohesion: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces

9. Centripetal Forces Promoting State Cohesion Nationalism
Unifying Institutions
Organization and Administration
Transportation and Communication
Supranationalism

10. Centrifugal Forces Challenges to State Authority Less Nationalism
Devolution, Regionalism
Peripheral Location
Social and Economic Inequality

11. Devolution –
Movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state.
What causes devolutionary movements?
Ex.
Ethnocultural forces
Economic forces
Spatial forces

13. Ethnocultural Devolutionary Movements
Eastern Europe
devolutionary forces since the fall of communism
Ex. Czechoslovakia and
Yugoslavia

14. Economic Devolutionary Movements
Catalonia, Spain
Barcelona, located in Catalonia, is the center of banking and commerce in Spain and the region is much wealthier than the rest of Spain. It produces 25% of Spanish exports and 40% of its industrial exports.

15. Spatial Devolutionary Movements
Honolulu, Hawai’i
A history apart from the United States, and a desire to live apart in order to keep traditions alive.

16. Supranational Organizations
A separate entity composed of three or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit in pursuit of shared goals.
* How many supranational organizations
exist in the world today?
At least 60

17. United Nations Basics of the UN:
Background: League of Nations – 1919, idea of Woodrow Wilson but, due to isolationist Americans, U.S. never joined. League collapsed prior to WWII (Italian invasion of Ethiopia). Prior to WWII, states created the Permanent Court of International Justice. After WWII, states formed the United Nations…
Basics of the UN:
Cooperate with internationally approved standards
192 members
Aid: refugees, poverty, troops in peacekeeping operations, human rights

18. Global Scale – The United Nations

19. Regional Scale - Europe
Benelux, 1944: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
Marshall Plan, 1948-’52: US aid to Western European Countries
Organization of European Economic Cooperation, 1952 (OEEC) to
European Economic Community (EEC)
European Community (EC)
European Union, 1992 (EU)

20. Regional Scale - Europe
European Union: domestic, military, and certain sovereign policies that govern all members
12 European Community (EC) members established the EU – 1992
Euro introduced in 2002
Problems facing the EU?
Bailouts to member countries
Subsidies, Germany, Turkey
Original Members: Germany, France, UK, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, Denmark and Ireland

21. Regional Scale – The European Union (27 Current Members)

22. Supranationalism Elsewhere…
NAFTA, ACS, APEC, CIS…
Treaties to reduce tariffs and facilitate trade
None like the European Union
*Complete Supranationalism Research