1. Cause 1. ___ American lack of military preparation and poor strategy
2. ___ Oliver H. Perry’s and Thomas Macdonough’s naval successes
3. ___ Tsar Alexander I’s mediation proposal
4. ___ The Hartford Convention
5. ___ Canadians’ successful defense of their homeland in the War of 1812
6. ___ The Rush-Bagot agreement
7. ___ The rising nationalistic economic spirit after the War of 1812
8. ___ The disappearance of the Federalists and President Monroe’s appeals to New England
9. ___ Overspeculation in western lands
10.___ Cheap land and increasing westward migration
11. ___ The deadlock between North and South over the future of slavery in Missouri
12.___ The Missouri Compromise
13.___ John Marshall’s Supreme Court rulings
14.___ The rise of European reactionary powers and the loss of Spain’s colonial empire
15.___ The Monroe Doctrine

2. Effect
a. Inspired a new sense of Canadian nationalism
b. Contributed to the death of the Federalist party and the impression that New Englanders were disloyal
c. Produced a series of badly failed attempts to conquer Canada
d. Reduced armaments along the border between the United States and Canada and laid the groundwork for “the longest unfortified boundary in the world”
e. Caused economic collapse in the panic of 1819
f. Angered Britain and other European nations but had little effect in Latin America
g. Fueled demands in Congress for transportation improvements and the removal of the Native Americans
h. Upheld the power of the federal government against the states
i. Created a temporary one-party system and an “Era of Good Feelings”
j. Produced the Missouri Compromise, which admitted two states and drew a line between slave and free territories
k. Aroused American and British fears of European intervention in Latin America
l. Aroused southern fears for the long-term future of slavery
m. Inspired a new Bank of the United States and the protectionist Tariff of 1816
n. Eventually led to the beginnings of peace negotiations at Ghent
o. Reversed a string of American defeats and prevented a British-Canadian invasion from the north

3. Nationalism and The American System

4. New Nationalism The creation of Americana… Washington Irving
(Legend of Sleepy Hollow)
James Fenimore Cooper
(frontier life)
Education goes American
New American art
“Our country; right or wrong!”

5. The Era of Good Feelings…..
Political divisions disappear - one party
Democratic-Republican party
James Monroe is elected President (2 terms) after Federalist collapse
American sentiment from
America focused on the growth of America without foreign concerns

6. The American System - an economic plan
Tariff of first protective tax ( %) from foreign goods
Resulted in American manufacturing growth
Creates the Second Bank of the United States
(Sovereign credit credit from the new government)
Beef up transportation infrastructure (roads and canals)

7. Panic of 1819 Bank of US blamed by farmers Credit is tightened
Farms foreclosed on
Speculative land buying dries up
Began 6 years of depression
Political divisions begin to emerge

8. Moving Westward and its issues
New lands available
Indian resistance is weakening
Population pressure in the east
New transportation methods
Plantation economy (cotton) forms in Southwest
Creates a new problem what states will be slave states?

9. The Missouri Compromise
Regulation of slavery in the west
11 free vs. 11 slave
- Missouri wants to enter as a slave state
-Tallmadge Amendment riles the South - (free slaves at age 25)
Compromise:
• Maine was admitted as free state
• Missouri was admitted slave
Prohibited slavery north of 36º 30’N (except for MO)

10. The Monroe Doctrine (The Self Defense Doctrine)
Defines America’s role with the rest of the world
-separate spheres of influence
Europe will stay on its side of the world, we will stay on ours!
-non colonization
Europe will have no new colonies on our side of the world
-non involvement
US would stay out of European affairs
Why does this work??

11. Mr. Madison’s War
The War of 1812

12. An unprepared America goes to war…
12 ship US Navy vs ship British Navy
Americans did not like draft - enlist in militias, not Army
Inflation from paper $$
Revenue from import taxes were null
Little military funding

13. America and Canada
Britain is distracted from America until 1813 (Napoleon)
US desires to annex Canada from England
US attempted to invade British holdings three different times
All failed!
The Canadians failed to join the American war effort!

14. -America controls Lake Erie after a British defeat.
1813 -
-America controls Lake Erie after a British defeat.
-York (Toronto) is burned
-Tecumseh is killed(Battle of Thames)
The British retaliate and block the American seaboard
(This makes the war unpopular in the Northeast!)
The British then attack
America!!

15. 1814 - Washington Burns!! August 1814 -
British Forces sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C.
The White House and Capitol BURN!
Madison and Congress barely escape
They then attack Baltimore
Sept 13, 1814
British ships bombard Fort McHenry
continuously for 24 hours before
giving up!!
4 killed, 24 wounded
(1 African American, 1 woman cut in half!)

16. Oh Say, Can You See! Baltimore lawyer
Francis Scott Key watched the attack from a ship in the harbor
He pens a poem about the attack The Defense of Fort Henry which is later set to music!
(A British drinking song!)
It became a popular song of the times!
June 27,1889
Is made the official flag raising song
1931
Becomes the official
National Anthem of America (Hoover)

17. 1814 cont.
Indian issues are settled in the South (Florida) by Andrew Jackson
Treaty of Ghent :
- Signed Dec 24th, 1814
- No real changes from 1812
- Did NOT address impressment (the alleged cause of the war)
- Reestablished prewar boundaries in
West
- The War ended in a stalemate

18. But the War lingered on….. The Battle of New Orleans
Fought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified)
-Over 2,000 casualties for British -13 US casualities
Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troops
Made Andrew Jackson a National hero and household name

19. Often referred to as the Second War for American Independence.
Results of the War!
1. Growth of American Nationalism.
Often referred to as the Second War for American Independence.
2. Strengthening of isolationism.
3. Increase in westward migration.
4. Encouragement of American Industry.
5. Disappearance of the Federalist Party
6. Gave the United States a National Identity
We were able to hold our own against the British
Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion
Ended bad feelings toward the British

20. The Hartford Convention
Opposition grows as war enters 1815
Federalists in New England meet and considered secession (power has grown during war because of industrialization)
Right of nullification stated – Embargo laws!
After New Orleans, convention looks absurd and the Federalists disappear