1. Development of Automatic Attendances System Using RFID Technology
By Albert Sagala*, Titus Nainggolan
Tobby Sembiring, Daniel Sembiring
*correspondence:
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Overview
Abstract
Introduction
Background Research
Research Question
RFID Technology
Design and Analysis
Experimental Result
Conclusion and Discussion
Reference
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Abstract
Currently there are many colleges that use the attendance system manually. Lecturers will spread sheet list present at the lecture. Students must affix signatures on the attendance sheet. Academic Administration will conduct a recapitulation, henceforth be given to lecturers. Some professors use the percentage of attendance as a component of the final assessment. This routine is not very effective, requires a very long time to calculate the percentage of attendance. In this study, successfully created student presence detection applications with RFID technology. Research has been successfully tested on a pilot scale project.
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RFID Technology
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information.
RFID tags are used in many industries, for example, an RFID tag attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line
RFID tags are used in many industries, for example, an RFID tag attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line; RFID-tagged pharmaceuticals can be tracked through warehouses; and implanting RFID microchips in livestock and pets allows positive identification of animals.
Since RFID tags can be attached to cash, clothing, and possessions, or implanted in animals and people, the possibility of reading personally-linked information without consent has raised serious privacy concerns.[2] These concerns resulted in standard specifications development addressing privacy and security issues. ISO/IEC and ISO/IEC use on-chip cryptography methods for untraceability, tag and reader authentication, and over-the-air privacy. ISO/IEC specifies a digital signature data structure for RFID and barcodes providing data, source and read method authenticity. This work is done within ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
In 2014, the world RFID market is worth US$8.89 billion, up from US$7.77 billion in 2013 and US$6.96 billion in This includes tags, readers, and software/services for RFID cards, labels, fobs, and all other form factors. The market value is expected to rise to US$18.68 billion by 2026
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RFID frequency bands
Signaling between the reader and the tag is done in several different incompatible ways, depending on the frequency band used by the tag. Tags operating on LF and HF bands are, in terms of radio wavelength, very close to the reader antenna because they are only a small percentage of a wavelength away. In this near field region, the tag is closely coupled electrically with the transmitter in the reader. The tag can modulate the field produced by the reader by changing the electrical loading the tag represents. By switching between lower and higher relative loads, the tag produces a change that the reader can detect. At UHF and higher frequencies, the tag is more than one radio wavelength away from the reader, requiring a different approach. The tag can backscatter a signal. Active tags may contain functionally separated transmitters and receivers, and the tag need not respond on a frequency related to the reader's interrogation signal
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How RFID Work
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Uses
The RFID tag can be affixed to an object and used to track and manage inventory, assets, people, etc. For example, it can be affixed to cars, computer equipment, books, mobile phones, etc.
RFID can be used in a variety of applications
Access management
Tracking of goods
Tracking of persons and animals
Toll collection and contactless payment
Machine readable travel documents
Tracking sports memorabilia to verify authenticity
Airport baggage tracking logistics
Timing sporting events
RFID offers advantages over manual systems or use of bar codes. The tag can be read if passed near a reader, even if it is covered by the object or not visible. The tag can be read inside a case, carton, box or other container, and unlike barcodes, RFID tags can be read hundreds at a time. Bar codes can only be read one at a time using current devices.
In 2011, the cost of passive tags started at US$0.09 each; special tags, meant to be mounted on metal or withstand gamma sterilization, can go up to US$5. Active tags for tracking containers, medical assets, or monitoring environmental conditions in data centers start at US$50 and can go up over US$100 each. Battery-Assisted Passive (BAP) tags are in the US$3–10 range and also have sensor capability like temperature and humidity
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8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIFARE
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Background Research
Need for real-time monitoring of students activity
Student attendance at lectures was very important session to be recorded
Manually Recording was takes time
Green Energy- Minimize of paper used
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Goal
To generate a prototype that can use RFID technology to take the student attendance systematically based on concept wave radio.
Develop a prototype of Automatic attendance system using RFID technology
ID Students Will be Recorded real-time
Information Send to Server
Comparing eligible students to attend the class/room.
A design approach to implement RFID on campus
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Design and Analysis
Detect the presence of students in a classroom at a certain time, so that this information can be used as information on class attendance.
The detection results are sent to the server to see whether the student's presence in the room information was correct / incorrect.
Information on the student’s presence of a certain class will be verified.
Automated attendance system will be designed to be able to perform the following functions:
Detect the presence of students in a classroom at a certain time, so that this information can be used as information on class attendance.
The detection results are sent to the server to see whether the student's presence in the room information was correct / incorrect.
Information on the student’s presence of a certain class will be verified.
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Design and Analysis (2)
Based on Fig.2, the business process of automatic attendance should have functionalities:
RFID reader was put in the corner of the room. It will work continuously to detect all student cards (tags) which pass through the RFID reader. For the device that we use, reader only detect in 10 cm.
Reader will detect the RFID tag and sent the information to the server.
Data received from the RFID reader will be comparing to the database schedule in the server. So, only authenticated user is available in the room. If the card detected in a room according to scheduling data, the card is considered valid, the user of the card will be detected as a course participants.
International Conference I4CT (19-21 April 2016), Kinabalu-Malaysia

13. Architectural design prototype of automated attendance system
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Database Design
One Database with 16 Tables
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15. TESTING ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
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Result
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Discussion
Range Distance for RFID Reader
Developing Large Scale Application Using RFID
RFID Reader must support IP Connection.
For easy installation of RFID, PoE should be a good option to choose.
Middleware application
If no ethernet, then we need driver converter, from USB Serial to Ethernet.
Reader connected to Server Application via socket. Useful for multiple Reader.
The reader should also be equipped with a reader application which can easily to configure the IP target server. (e.d DVR, from coaxial to ethernet)
International Conference I4CT (19-21 April 2016), Kinabalu-Malaysia

18. Multi-thread Architecture
To detect all readers connected to the application, the necessary function will displays a list of all the readers on the application. After the devices name registered, middleware will form a thread based on the number of registered readers.
International Conference I4CT (19-21 April 2016), Kinabalu-Malaysia

19. Multi-thread Architecture (2)
Using the List Reader function to display all the readers that can be detected by the application.
Using Establish Context function with looping to connect all devices to the reader application. To handle and process a lot of reader devices, needed a thread for each device.
The thread that will perform the following functions: waiting for the card status (Get Status Change), connecting with the card is detected (Connect), storing data that has been detected (Save Data) and disconnects with card (Disconnect).
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Conclussion
In this research, we develop a prototype of automatic attendance system using RFID Technology. Middleware application must be developed to interpret the data read by RFID reader, send it to the application developed. Application will compare the data received to decide whether the data is valid or not.
In the application developed, card reader is connected to the application server via serial connection, which make difficult to implement in a large scale application. In discussion section, was elaborated the steps to be follow for implementing automatic attendance system in large application. We also found that the business process for student’s attendance system was very different with employee attendance. As employee only needs to register on entrance and exit time, contrast different with students who follow some courses session each day. The traffic will so huge, need to be filtered; only data preferred is recorded.
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REFERENCES
Augusta SophyBuelet, Automatic Attendance Marking and Parent Alerting System Using RFID And GSM, (IJIRSE) International Journal of Innovative Research in Science & Engineering, ISSN (Online)
C. Sai Krisha; N. Sumanth; C. Raghava Prasad, RFID based student monitoring and attendance tracking system, Computing, Communications and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT),2013 Fourth International Conference on, Year: 2013, Pages: 1 – 5.
D. Eridani; E. D. Widianto, Simulation of attendance application on campus based on RFID (radio frequency identifiation), nd International Conference on Information Technology, Computer, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), Year: 2015, Pages: 460 – 463.
J. Q. Azasoo; F. Engmann; K. A. Hillah, Design of RF based multithreaded RFID student attendance management information system, 2014 IEEE 6th International Conference on Adaptive Science & Technology (ICAST), Year: 2014, Pages: 1 – 5.
J. Xu; H. Gao; J. Wu; Y. Zhang, Improved safety management system of coal mine based on iris identification and RFID technique, J. Xu; H. Gao; J. Wu; Y. Zhang, Year: 2015, Pages: 260 – 264.
Ji-biao Li; Lei Zhang; Xin-fang Yuan, Development and realization of digitalized Campus based on Mifare-1 Radio Frequency card, nd International Conference on Education Technology and Computer, Year: 2010, Volume: 4, Pages: V V4-499.
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REFERENCES (2)
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N. Arbain; N. F. Nordin; N. M. Isa; S. Saaidin, LAS: Web-based laboratory attendance system by integrating RFID-ARDUINO technology, Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering (ICEESE), 2014 International Conference on, Year: 2014, Pages: 89 – 94.
O. Bjelica; D. Mijic, Hardware design of a reader device in RFID-based class-attendance system, Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR), th, 2012, Pages: 1068 – 1071.
R. B. Kuriakose; H. J. Vermaak, Developing a Java based RFID application to automate student attendance monitoring, Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa and Robotics and Mechatronics International Conference (PRASA-RobMech), 2015, Pages: 48 – 53.
S. Geng; G. Li; W. Liu, Design and Implement of Attendance Management System Based on Contactless Smart IC Card, Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on, Year: 2012, Volume: 3, Pages: 290 – 294.
Srinidhi MB; R. Roy, A web enabled secured system for attendance monitoring and real time location tracking using Biometric and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), 2015 International Conference on, Year: 2015, Pages: 1 – 5.
V. Cernatescu; M. Vladescu, An implementation of a MHz RFID reader, Design and Technology in Electronic Packaging (SIITME), 2014 IEEE 20th International Symposium for, Year: 2014, Pages: 103 – 104.
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Thank you
TERIMAKASIH
International Conference I4CT (19-21 April 2016), Kinabalu-Malaysia