1. Comply with Infection Control 11
HLTIN301A

2. Strategies to Prevent Infection
Objectives
Understand that standard precautions are used as a minimum to prevent spread of infection
Understand that additional precautions are used when standard precautions are insufficient to prevent spread of infection
Minimise contamination of equipment

3. Protection Body protected against invasion by
Skin and mucous membranes-first line of defence
Inflammatory reaction-second line of defence
Immune response-third line of defence

4. External Defences The skin First line of defence Has normal flora
Protects from chemicals, bacteria and drying
Regulates body temperature
Synthesis of protein and vitamin D
Sensation
Can be compromised by soaps,medications,pressure,friction

5. Inflammatory reactions
Second line of defence
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Tenderness
Begins as soon as body is injured
Chemicals are released causing blood vessels to dilate and WBC are attracted to area
Heat and redness caused by increased blood supply
Swelling from capillaries leaking into surrounding tissues

6. Inflammatory response
Increased pressure from leaking fluid causes pain
Where area is infected,pus formation occurs.
Pus is a mixture of dead or dying cells and pathogens
Fever occurs due to WBC production to fight infection

7. Immune Responses Third line of defence
Specific response by the body when there is a foreign invader
Called antigens
Body produces antibodies which are produced by lymphocytes
Types of immunity
Active natural-antibodies produced where there is an active infection
Active artificial-vaccines
Passive immunity- produced by another source, breast milk is an example

8. Standard Precautions
OHS act requires that precautions are taken to maintain infection control
Work practices required to achieve basic level of infection control
Used for all Patients, regardless of status
Hand hygiene
Personal hygiene
Use of PPE
Control of sharps
Aseptic technique
Cleaning and spills policies
Waste management

9. Additional precautions
Recommended for Patient’s known or suspected to be infected
Always used in addition to standard precautions
Based on 3 specific routes of transmission
Airborne precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected by airborne microorganisms
Contact transmission for patients with microorganisms such as MRSA
Droplet transmission for patients infected by respiratory droplets-pertussis

10. Risk Depends on Presence of infectious agents in environment
Type of procedures performed
Susceptibility of patient
HCW can also become infected
Type of contact with patients, instruments and equipment
HCW immunisation status

11. HCW protection Physical Use PPE Immunisation Education Reporting
Safe work practices
Health screening