1. Cells: Structure and Function
Cell Membrane

2. RECAP OF POPULATIONAL ORGANIZATION
Individuals
 Populations
 Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere

3. ORGANISMAL LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION:
Individual

4. NOT THIS  The Cell: smallest basic unit of ALL life
NOT THIS 

5. Skin cells Cells vary in SIZE and STRUCTURE (depends on what they do)
Neuron (nerve cells)
Red Blood Cells (RBC)

6. On the left side of your spiral, cut and glue your Venn diagram to fit the page.
M&M Plain
M&M Pretzel/Crisp

7. Prokaryote Eukaryote P B No No Bacteria - simple No nucleus
Plants, Animals - complex
Has a nucleus
Has membrane-bound organelles
Most are multicellular
Can specialize for certain functions (absorption,
transmitting nerve responses)
Bacteria - simple
No nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Unicellular
P B No No
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic material

8. Prokaryotes: unicellular organisms that have NO nucleus or NO membrane-bound organelles.
Consists of a :
Cell Wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic material
Ribosomes
P B No No = Prokaryote, Bacteria, No nucleus, No membrane-bound organelles.

9. Eukaryotes: mostly multicellular organisms that have many of the same organelles. – inc. fungi and protists.
Plant Cells Animal Cells

10. ORGANELLES-  "little organs" within the cell that perform specific functions
ANALOGY:
The nucleus is to the cell what the __________is to a person.
The cell membrane is to a cell what the ________ is to a person.
Brain
Skin

11. The cytoplasm (cytosol) gel-like substance that holds everything in place.
Many metabolic reactions occur in this area.

12. The Nucleus = control center “brain” to the cell contains most of your genetic information (DNA) surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Nucleolus: = located inside the nucleus and it is where ribosomes are made

13. Ribosomes: minute particles that are used to make essential proteins (peptides) that are significant for determining our inherited genetic traits.
Can be located floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER

14. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (aka ER)
Located outside of the nucleus
Function = transport proteins and other molecules needed by the cell.
Two Types of ER:
Smooth ER (lipid synthesis)
Rough ER (contains ribosomes for protein manufacture)

16. Golgi Apparatus - Flattened membranes;
Function = package and delivery of proteins produced by the ribosomes (Proteins are exported
in vesicles)
Located near the ER.

17. Mitochondria ( The “powerhouse” of the cell )
Function: convert chemical energy from food into a useable form of energy and stored as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Cells have numerous mitochondrian.

18. Lysosomes - contain digestive enzymes to break down substances (“suicide sac”)
Enzymes break down substances in the cell, such as food or worn out cell parts, even bacteria.

19. CYTOSKELETON - made of microfilaments and microtubules which maintains shape of cell and functions in movement
Cilia – hair-like fibers that help to move substances through the body
Flagella – long whip-like tails also used to move substances through the body.

20. Plant Cells:
In addition to a cell membrane, have a Cell Wall which provides added protection and structural support – made of Cellulose (a complex carbohydrate)
Chloroplasts (contain Chlorophyll) for carrying out photosynthesis
Large Central Vacuole functions to hold materials and wastes and maintain proper pressure within the plant cells to provide structure and support for the growing plant.

21. (PROTECTOR OF THE CELL)
CELL MEMBRANE
(PROTECTOR OF THE CELL)
What You MUST Know about the Cell Membrane:
Why membranes are selectively permeable!
The role of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates in the membrane!

22. The CELL/PLASMA MEMBRANE (referred to as a “fluid mosaic model”) controls/regulates what comes in and what goes out of the cell.
Selectively permeable allowing certain substances to cross more easily than others.
Fluid Mosaic Model:
Fluid – membrane held together by weak interactions.
Mosaic – embedded with various items such as proteins, phospholipids and carbohydrates
Lipid bilayer – Has 2 layers of phospholipids with the outside heads being hydrophilic and the inside tails being hydrophobic

23. Phospholipids are made up of hydrophilic (“water loving”) heads (+) and hydrophobic tails (“water fearing”) (non-polar) making the bilayer amphipathic
Due to these properties, the cell membrane is able to coexist with water and forms a lipid bilayer around the cell.