1. Test on Genetics Tuesday (p. 5) Wednesday (p.1)
Date: January 11th, 2017
Aim #40: How is protein shape determined?
HW:
Daily Review of class notes.
Textbook worksheet due Friday
Test on Genetics Tuesday (p. 5) Wednesday (p.1)
Labs and test corrections due next Thursday
Do Now:
What are the two jobs of DNA?
How is replication different from transcription?
What are the steps of protein synthesis?
Compare transcription and translation.
How is DNA different from mRNA?

2. Aim #64: How is protein shape determined?

3. All are proteins with a specific shape that determines their function.
1) What do enzymes, antibodies, hormones, hemoglobin and membrane proteins have in common?
All are proteins with a specific shape that determines their function.
Enzymes
Hormone
Hemoglobin
Antibodies

4. 2) What determines a protein’s shape?
A protein’s shape is determined by its sequence of amino acids.

5. What happens after translation of the genetic code?
Proteins do not remain as single strands of amino acids, rather the amino acids chain gets folded into a specific shape. This shape is determined by the ORDER of the amino acids in the chain.

6. 3) Protein Shape: The DNA base sequence (order) determines
the sequence of amino acids.
The sequence (order) of amino acids in a protein determine its shape.
C. The shape of a protein determines its activity.

7. 4) Transcription & Translation:
The processes of transcription and translation, lead to the final shape of a protein. Therefore it is the genetic code: DNA base sequence that ultimately determine a protein’s sequence of amino acids.
A – T U
C – G G Tryptophan
C – G G

8. 5) Mutations
Mutations (changes in the genetic code) that can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence and ultimately to the overall shape of the protein. Why?

9. 6) What causes mutations errors in DNA replication?
Chemicals
UV Radiation
X-Ray radiation

10. It changes the amino acids sequence which determines protein shape
Mutated Proteins
It changes the amino acids sequence which determines protein shape

11. 7) How does a mutated protein affect a cell?
The mutated protein may have a different shape and disrupt its normal activity.

12. 8) Types of Mutation Substitution Deletion Insertion Inversion
Original DNA Strand

13. 9) Copy the Normal DNA Strand:
DNA CCT CAA GAT GCG
GGA GUU CUA CGC
mRNA
Amino Acid
Sequence
Gly – Val – Leu - Arg

14. 10) Substitution Mutation
Substitution – One nitrogenous base is substituted for another.
DNA CCC CAA GAT GCG
mRNA GGG GUU CUA CGC
AA Gly – Val – Leu - Arg

15. 11) Deletion Mutation
Deletion – One nitrogenous base is deleted (removed).
DNA CTC AAG ATG CG
mRNA GAG UUC UAC GC
AA Glu – Phe – Tyr

16. 12) Insertion Mutations
Insertion – Extra nitrogenous bases are added to the genetic code.
DNA CCT CTA AGA TGC G
mRNA GGA GAU UCU ACG C
AA Gly - Asp – Ser - Thr

17. 13) Inversion Mutation
Inversion – The genetic code is inverted or reversed. DNA CCT CAA TAG GCG mRNA GGA GUU AUC CGC AA Gly – Val – Ile - Arg

18. Sickle Cell Anemia

19. 14) Point and Frame Shift Mutations
Point mutation
A change in ONE nitrogenous base, the overall number of bases stays the same (Substitution or Inversion)
Frame shift mutation
A change in the number of overall nitrogenous bases in the genetic code (Addition or Deletion)

20. What type of mutation is it?

21. Ted Ed- What is DNA and how does it work? (~ 5 minutes)

22. Use the chart to complete your hand out