1. What are Science Fiction/Fantasy? Notebook Item #7

2. *What is Science Fiction?
Science fiction is a writing style which combines science and fiction and is only limited by what we presently know about the basic physical laws of nature.
It evolved as a response to fantasy.

3. Sci Fi Author’s Definition
The author Theodore Sturgeon said, "A good science-fiction story is a story about human beings, with a human problem, and a human solution, which would not have happened at all without its science content"

4. Fan/Biographer’s Definition
"Science fiction is a brand of fantasy identifiable by the fact that it eases the 'willing suspension of disbelief' on the part of its readers by utilizing an atmosphere of scientific credibility for its imaginative speculations in physical science, space, time, social science, and philosophy" -Sam Moskowitz

5. *What is Fantasy?
Fantasy is another sub-genre that fits into the larger category of “Speculative fiction”
Fantasy tends to focus on “fantastical” elements that could never be real, something difficult to say with total confidence as technological advancement continues to surprise subsequent generations with products and discoveries thought impossible by previous ones.

6. *Speculative Fiction Sub-Genres

7. Similarities/Differences
“Science-Fiction and Fantasy are substantially different categories, however the line between them is often a thin one. Star Wars is a good example, since it is clearly within the science-fiction genre yet includes certain unexplained fantasy elements (“The Force” in particular). Both types of genre are usually shelved together, both because of their readerships' tendencies to overlap and because of the authors' tendencies to blur the lines between these categories. Many science fiction authors have also written works of fantasy.”

8. *Similarities/Differences
-In Science Fiction, there needs to be some possibility that the events could possibly happen. -In Fantasy, the author can use far-fetched assumptions. ie; unicorns, three-legged creatures etc. -Miriam Allen de Ford explains the difference between science fiction and fantasy: "'Science fiction deals with improbable possibilities, fantasy with plausible impossibilities" (Aldiss 26).

9. The first true science fiction novel was Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
The first true science fiction novel was Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. She wrote about scientific practices and tried to persuade the reader that her story could actually happen.

10. Frankenstein was the first novel in English to deal with the possibility that science can create a monster that can destroy science, and possibly mankind.
Mary Shelley did not wish the story to be considered "supernatural“. She made the main character a scientist and his scientific efforts were highlighted.
Remember: Writers take scientific possibilities and develop them step-by-step from known data to form a story.

11. *What is Extrapolation?
Extrapolation is when a writer takes a known fact and imagines what might happen if certain events or circumstances evolve.
For example:
A. We can travel to other planets via spaceships.
B. Mankind has built homes, military bases, and even societies in some of the hottest, coldest, and most uninhabitable regions on earth
Therefore:
C. It is not unreasonable to extrapolate that their will come a time when human life will survive or flourish on other planets.

12. *Why should we study Speculative Fiction? (Science Fiction and Fantasy)
Entertaining
Makes the audience wonder “What If?”
Encourages creativity in writing.
It is highly imaginative to read and write
Teaches lessons about the value and dangers of advanced technology.