1. Territorial and social varieties of English pronunciation Lecture 8

2. Pronunciation varieties. Notions and definitions.
British types of pronunciation and their phonetic peculiarities.
American standard and regional types of pronunciation.
Social varieties of English pronunciation. The situational varieties.
The modern tendencies of English pronunciation.

3. Pronunciation varieties. Notions and definitions
Dialect
The type of pronunciation or Accent
Social limited number of people use it and only in certain localities
Phonetic characteristics of the whole society or one person. E.g. American or French accent
Pronunciation varieties. Notions and definitions

4. Pronunciation varieties. Notions and definitions
Types of English pronunciation
An inner circle
An outer circle
An expanding circle
Pronunciation varieties. Notions and definitions

5. Pronunciation varieties. Notions and definitions
Standard of pronunciation What is it? The orthoepic norm Literary pronunciation What is necessary to be accepted as a norm?
Pronunciation varieties. Notions and definitions

6. National standard of pronunciation –
in GB – RP (Received Pronunciation) or BBC English
In USA – GA (General American)
In Canada – Gen Can
In Australia – Gen Aus
Regional standard –
In GB – Southern, Northern, Scottish, Irish
In USA – Northern, Northern Midland, Southern Midland, Southern, Western
Local accents
Pronunciation varieties. Notions and definitions

7. British types of pronunciation and their phonetic peculiarities.
A.Gimson -varieties of RP
The Conservative RP
The General RP
The Advanced RP
British types of pronunciation and their phonetic peculiarities.

8. The main changes of the sound system of the present day English.
The diphthongization of RP [i:], [u:] see, who
The monophthongization of [ai] and [au]
Conservative RP General PR Advanced PR
tower [tauə] [taə] [ta:]
3. The assimilation of [sj – s] [zj- z], [dj - ʤ] [tj - ʧ]
4. The final [b d g] partially devoiced.
5. The use of intrusive [r] Asia(r) and Africa
6. [t] – [betə] – [bedə]
7.Loss of [h] initially
8. Palatalized final [k]

9. Southern dialects (Cockney, Kent, Essex, Greater London)
Eastern dialects
Northern
Scottish
Dialects of Ireland
The differences – in the phoneme inventory, rhythm and intonation
Dialects of English

10. Cockney dialect Lady [laidi] [h] is absent Bag [beg] horse [o:s]
City [siti:] have [ev]
Blood [bleid] [h] is heard in
Oh, no [eu, neu] atmosphere, honest
The contrast between … is lost
th – [t] th – [d] ing – [ŋ]
th – [v] final [f] – [v] [p t k ] aspirated
Cockney dialect

11. American standard and regional types of Pronunciation
Varieties of American speech
The Eastern type
The Southern type
The Western or General American= Standard
How many people speak the standard?
American standard and regional types of Pronunciation

12. American standard and regional types of Pronunciation
Peculiarities of Vowels and Consonants
No long and short vowels
The number of diphthongs – from 3 to 12
RP GA
Here [hiə] [hir]
hair [hɛə] [her]
3. [r] in turn, bird, star
4.Nasalization – RP twenty [twenti]
[tweni]
American standard and regional types of Pronunciation

13. 5. [l] – always dark.
6. Intervocalic [t] – voiced
7. [j] – omitted between CC – Tuesday [tu:zdei]
[o] – [a:], or –[o:]
RP lock [lok] RP long [loŋ ]
GA [la:k] GA [lo: ŋ]

14. Address, cigarette, magazine, research Weekend, ice-cream, new year
Stress differences
ballet, beret
Address, cigarette, magazine, research
Weekend, ice-cream, new year
laboratory, testimony, dictionary
Stress differences

15. Intonational differences
Level Head instead of descending scale
In emphatic sentences – Mid-Wavy-level heads.
Rise-Fall instead of Low Fall
In Fall-Rise – in nuclear the rise is higher than in RP
Requests – Fall-Rise
Leave-takings – Fall-Rise
Intonational differences

16. Rhythm GA – smooth and slurred RP – clipped and pointed
Stressed and unstressed syllables – 1:1
RP – every stressed syllable corresponds to two unstressed one.
Rhythm

17. Regional features of American pronunciation
The Eastern type = Southern English The Southern type - vowel drawl – that [ðɛaət] - monophthongisation of diphthong [ai] before the voiced CC – side [sa:d] - [e] – [i] before [n] men [min] The Northern type – Western American
Regional features of American pronunciation

18. Social varieties of English pronunciation. The Situational varieties
A.Gimson – classification of RP
General RP
Refined RP
Regional RP
Social varieties of English pronunciation. The Situational varieties