1. Battle of Britain July to October 1940 p270
British hold
Messerschmitt--Nazi fighter aircraft
Dornier--Nazi bomber aircraft
Junkers--Luftwaffe bomber aircraft

2. Why was the Battle of Britain so important?
Summer and fall of 1940;
British determination

3. Battle for North Africa (301)
El Alamein November 1942

4. In 1942, why did Operation Torch begin in North Africa?
America wanted to attack Europe. Britain said, “No.”
British defeated Rommel (Desert Fox) at Battle of El Alamein Nov 1942; the Allies now controlled the critical Suez Canal (oil)
United States launched Operation Torch in November 1942; Eisenhower commanded
Terrible defeat at Kasserine Pass. Patton took over the United States army.

5. Punch is a British Magazine
Battle of the Atlantic p302
German high point spring Then convoys take effect.
Punch is a British Magazine

6. How did convoys work during the Battle of the Atlantic?

7. How did the Atlantic Ocean become a battleground?
a) Technology: sonar, radar, depth charges, submarines
b) Tactics: convoys
c) Incredible damage versus huge production Kaiser 244 days to 41 days

8. Battle of Stalingrad p302
May 1942

9. Did the Nazis’ military campaign succeed in the Soviet Union?
a) Hitler turned and attacked Soviet Union June 1941 after failing to take Britain
b) Stalingrad (formerly Volgrograd) key to southern resources
6 months of hell; both sides lost 500,000 or more
Soviets (Russians) took 91,000 German prisoners…5,000 survived

10. Stalingrad

11. Strategic bombing of Germany by Allied Forces p303
January 1943 to May 1945, Allies dropped 53,000 tons of explosives every month.

12. Did Britain simply take the aerial attacks from Germany?
a) 2,300 tons of bombs per month for three years on Germany
Then bombing increased 53,000 tons per month
Who supported the British with aircraft and bombs?

13. Italian Campaign July 1943 to May 1944
D-Day June 6, 1944

14. If you had to cross the Mediterranean Sea from Africa to Europe, how would you do it?
The Italian campaign bloodiest in the war ;
Sicily first
Then Italy; Anzio
Tehran Conference: force Hitler to fight on two fronts; USA and Soviet Union agree to split Germany
Origin of name “Mediterranean”?

15. Any room to spare over there, Adolf?
D-Day June 6, 1944
“Any minute now.”

16. What was the allied plan to crush the Nazis once and for all?
D-Day; Operation Overlord
Eisenhower commanded Allied forces
Calais? Normandy? Fake Patton army
Weather complicated the situation
7,000 ships; 100,000 soldiers; 23,000 paratroopers…and the will to win
e) Eisenhower’s note

17. Patton’s pretend tank army

18. What was the Atlantic Wall (started in 1942 on Hitler’s orders)?

20. What did Eisenhower’s letter say?
"Our landings in the Cherbourg-Havre area have failed to gain a satisfactory foothold and I have withdrawn the troops. My decision to attack at this time and place was based upon the best information available. The troops, the air and the Navy did all that Bravery and devotion to duty could do. If any blame or fault attaches to the attempt it is mine alone."

21. Video
30:00 United States Army Rangers scaling the “Atlantic Wall”